REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
Mouse monoclonal anti-β-ACTIN	Sigma	Cat#A5441; RRID: AB_476744
Rabbit monoclonal anti-phospho-AKT (Ser473) (193H12)	Cell Signaling	Cat#4058; RRID: AB_331168
Rabbit polyclonal anti-AKT	Cell Signaling	Cat#9262; RRID: AB_329827
Rabbit polyclonal anti-EOMES	Abcam	Cat# AB23345; RRID: AB_778267
Rabbit polyclonal anti-phospho-ERK1/2	Cell Signaling	Cat#9102; RRID: AB_330744
Rabbit monoclonal anti- ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204)	Cell Signaling	Cat#4370; RRID: AB_2315112
Mouse monoclonal anti-FGFR2 (Clone #98707)	R&D Systems	Cat#MAB665; RRID: AB_358619
Rabbit monoclonal anti-FOXA2	Abcam	Cat#AB108422; RRID: AB_11157157
Rabbit polyclonal anti-IGF1Rβ (C-20)	Santa Cruz Biotechnology	Cat#sc-713; RRID: AB_671792
Rabbit polyclonal anti-insulin Rβ (C-19) (IR-β)	Santa Cruz Biotechnology	Cat#sc-711; RRID: AB_631835
Mouse monoclonal anti-OCT3/4	Santa Cruz Biotechnology	Cat#sc-5279; RRID: AB_628051
Rabbit polyclonal anti-phospho-SMAD2 (Ser465/467)	MERCK	Cat# AB3849; RRID: AB_11213091
Rabbit polyclonal anti-SMAD2/3 (FL-425)	Santa Cruz Biotechnology	Cat# sc-8332; RRID: AB_2193192
Goat polyclonal anti-SOX17	R&D Systems	Cat#AF1924; RRID: AB_2195646
Rabbit polyclonal anti-SOX2	Abcam	Cat# ab97959; RRID: AB_2341193
Mouse monoclonal anti-EPCAM (PE-conjugated)	Biolegend	Cat#324206; RRID: AB_756080
Chemicals, peptides, and recombinant proteins
Y-27632	STEMCELL Technologies	Cat#72302
Activin A	R&D Systems	Cat#338-AC-50
CHIR99021	Tocris	Cat#4423
LY294002	LC Laboratories	Cat#L-7962
bFGF/FGF2	Miltenyi Biotec	Cat#130-093-843
SU5402	Santa Cruz Biotechnology	Cat#sc-204308
TCS ERK 11e	Tocris	Cat#4465
S961	Pheonix Biotech	Cat#051-86
OSI-906	Selleckchem	Cat#S1091
Picropodophyllotoxin (PPP)	Abcam	Cat#Ab144623
SB431542	Abcam	Cat#AB120163
Critical commercial assays
NEXTflex™ Rapid Directional RNA-SEQ Kit, v2	PerkinElmer	Cat#NOVA-5198
MN NucleoSpin RNA extraction Kit	Macherey-Nagel	Cat#740955
iTaqUniversal SYBR Green Supermix	Bio-Rad	Cat#1725124
Deposited data
RNA-Seq data	This paper	GSE110806
Experimental models: Cell lines
H9 hESCs (WA09)	WiCell	Cat#WA09
iAGb (hPSC line)	Generated in-house	N/A
i70b (hPSC line)	Generated in-house	N/A
Oligonucleotides
Silencer™ Select Pre-Designed siRNA (siFGFR2) siRNA ID: s5173	ThermoFisher Scientific	N/A
Silencer™ Select Negative Control No. 2 (siScrambled)	ThermoFisher Scientific	4390846
shIGF1R-1	Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute	TRCN0000000425
shIGF1R-2	Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute	TRCN0000039675
shERK1-1	Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute	TRCN0000006150
shERK1-2	Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute	TRCN0000219701
shERK2-1	Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute	TRCN0000010040
shERK2-2	Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute	TRCN0000342295
qPCR Primer sequences please see Table S8	This paper	N/A
Software and algorithms
FlowJo™ version 10.6.0	Tree Star	https://www.flowjo.com
GraphPad Prism version 9	GraphPad	https://www.graphpad.com/scientificsoftware/prism/
Bio-Rad CFX Maestro version 2.3	Bio-Rad	https://www.bio-rad.com/
Olympus Fluoview version 3.1	Olympus	https://www.olympus-global.com/
R version 4.1	The R Foundation	https://www.r-project.org