Table 1.
Characteristics by Frailty Markers at First Visit With Measured Frailty
| Characteristics | Frail | Not Frail | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants | 688 (69.8) | 297 (30.2) | – |
| Age, y | 64 (54-74) | 61 (47-69) | <0.001 |
| <40 | 60 (8.7) | 42 (14.1) | – |
| 40-64 | 297 (43.2) | 135 (45.5) | – |
| 65-79 | 261 (37.9) | 95 (32.0) | – |
| ≥80 | 70 (10.2) | 25 (8.4) | – |
| Male | 399 (58.0) | 204 (68.7) | 0.002 |
| Ethnicity | – | – | 0.005 |
| White | 562 (81.7) | 221 (74.4) | – |
| Indigenous | 36 (5.2) | 13 (4.4) | – |
| Other | 90 (13.1) | 63 (21.2) | – |
| Newcomer | 143 (21.3) | 71 (24.5) | 0.28 |
| Residence | – | – | 0.08 |
| With family or friends | 444 (69.8) | 207 (74.7) | – |
| Alone | 163 (25.6) | 65 (23.5) | – |
| Assisted living/nursing home | 29 (4.6) | 5 (1.8) | – |
| Employment status | – | – | 0.009 |
| FT/FT student/retiree | 402 (58.5) | 188 (63.5) | – |
| PT/PT student/ homemaker/other | 62 (9.0) | 39 (13.2) | |
| On disability | 175 (25.5) | 49 (16.6) | |
| Never employed/ unemployed | 48 (7.0) | 20 (6.8) | |
| Smoker | 124 (18.0) | 43 (14.6) | 0.18 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 (23-32) | 25 (22-30) | <0.001 |
| <18.5 | 24 (3.6) | 17 (5.8) | |
| 18.5-<26 | 274 (41.0) | 153 (52.2) | |
| 26-35 | 264 (39.5) | 100 (34.1) | – |
| >35 | 106 (15.9) | 23 (7.8) | – |
| Primary kidney failure | – | – | 0.002 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 297 (43.2) | 100 (33.7) | – |
| Renal vascular disease | 51 (7.4) | 30 (10.1) | – |
| GN | 85 (12.4) | 53 (17.8) | – |
| PCKD | 31 (4.5) | 25 (8.4) | – |
| Other | 224 (32.6) | 89 (30.0) | – |
| Comorbidities | 3 (2-4) | 2 (2-3) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 121 (17.6) | 29 (9.8) | 0.002 |
| AMI | 180 (26.2) | 45 (15.2) | <0.001 |
| CHF | 136 (19.8) | 30 (10.1) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 605 (87.9) | 261 (87.9) | 0.98 |
| PVD | 76 (11.0) | 25 (8.4) | 0.21 |
| Dementia | 4 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.19 |
| Cerebrovascular accident | 97 (14.1) | 36 (12.1) | 0.41 |
| Diabetes | 415 (60.3) | 159 (53.5) | 0.048 |
| Chronic lung disease | 135 (19.6) | 43 (14.5) | 0.054 |
| Cancer | 93 (13.5) | 29 (9.8) | 0.10 |
| Chronic liver disease | 27 (3.9) | 8 (2.7) | 0.34 |
| Psychiatric illness | 117 (17.0) | 29 (9.8) | 0.003 |
| Substance misuse | 68 (10.9) | 21 (7.6) | 0.13 |
Note: n (%) and median (interquartile range) are reported.
Abbreviations: AMI, acute myocardial infarction; BMI, body mass index; CHF, chronic heart failure; FT, full-time; GN, glomerulonephritis; PCKD, polycystic kidney disease; PT, part-time; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.