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. 2023 Jul 8;21:100723. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100723

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© 2023 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 9 — Drug toxicity analysis of 3D liver sinusoid-on-a-chip with perfusion (LSOC-P), 3D liver sinusoid model in static media (LSOC-S) and 2D sandwich culture (SW). The graphical plot represents drug-concentration-based cellular viability. Both culture platforms were treated with (A) diclofenac (from 1 μM to 800 μM) and (B) acetaminophen (from 0.1 mM to 80 mM). (∗p < 0.05). Cell viability analysis at different drug concentrations of (C) diclofenac and (D) acetaminophen after calcein-AM/ethidium homodimer-based live (green)/dead (red) staining. The expression levels of liver-specific proteins (E) albumin, (F) urea, and (G) bile acid were calorimetrically determined in all three platforms. The expression levels of liver-specific enzymes (H) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), (I) alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and (J) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after treating the three platforms with diclofenac (200 μM) and acetaminophen (20 mM) are shown. (ND: No Drugs; DF: Diclofenac; AAP: Acetaminophen, ∗p < 0.05).