Table 2.
Idiopathic Nephrotic syndrome (iNS).
| Circulating Plasma Factors/ Two hit mechanisms |
References |
|---|---|
| CD40L | (67–78) |
| c-mip | (79–84) |
| uPA/suPAR | (85–87) |
| Angiopoietin-like 4 | (88–91) |
| Hemopexin | (92–96) |
| Cationic albumin | (97–99) |
| B7-1 (CD80) | (78, 100–106) |
| Antibodies/ Regulatory Immunoglobulins | |
| Anti-nephrin | (20) |
| Anti-CD40 | (75) |
| Anti-actin/ATP synthase Anti- UCHL1 Delville’s group Sialylated IgM |
(107) (108) (109) (110) |
| Oxidative stress | |
| α1-antitrypsin | (111, 112) |
| Glomerular Basement Membrane | |
| Sialic acid, Sphingolipids | (113, 114) |
| T cells/Interleukins | |
| IL1/IL1R | (115, 116) |
| Th2/IL4, IL5, IL9, IL10, IL13 | (117–126) |
| Th17/IL17 | (127) |
| Regulatory T cells | (124, 128–132) |
| B cell subsets | |
| Switched B cells | (133) |
This table covers a wide range of potential factors implicated in the pathogenesis of iNS that should be further confirmed.