Table 1.
CCA in vitro and in vivo studies.
| PSs | Type of cancer cell line | CCA | In vitro/in vivo | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) (precursor for endogenous protoporphyrin IX) | HeLa | M | In vitro | (125) |
| TMPyP | HeLa and G361 | M | In vitro | (126) |
| TMPyP4 | A549 | M | In vitro | (127) |
| TPFC | HeLa | M | In vitro | (128) |
| DTPP | A549 | S | In vitro | (129) |
| DTPP | MCF-7 | G0/G1 | In vitro | (130) |
| Photocyanine | HepG2 | G2/M | in vitro | (131) |
| Asymmetric glycophthalocyanine GPh3 | HeLa | G2/M | In vitro | (132) |
| Zn(II)-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) | HeLa | M | In vitro | (133) |
| Malachite green (MG) | Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) | G0/G1 | In vitro | (134) |
| Palmatine hydrochloride | OSCC | G0/G1 | In vitro | (135) |
| Protoporphyrin IX (ALA) | OSCC | G2/M | In vitro | (136, 137) |
| 3-hydroxypyridin-2-thione (SiPc-HDACi) |
MCF-7/MDA-MB-231/HUVECs | G2/M | In vitro | (138) |
| (C086@HSA) | HeLa | S and G2/M | In vitro/in vivo | (139) |
| Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) on Porphyrins(E-NPs) |
AGS and RAW | G0/G1 | In vitro | (140) |
| Curcumin | A549 | G2/M | In vitro | (141) |
| Tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy) phthalocyanine zinc (TαPcZn) |
Bel-7402 | S | In vitro | (142) |
| (ICG) | B16F10 | G0/G1 | In vitro | (143) |
| (AlPc) and (ZnPc) | A431 | S and G2 | In vitro | (144) |
| MPPa | MDA-MB- 231 |
S | In vitro | (145) |
| mTHPC | A-427, BHY, KYSE-70, RT-4, and SISO | G2/M | In vitro | (146) |
| Gemcitabine | RBE and QBC939 | G1 | In vitro and in vivo | (147) |
| Hypericin (HY) | ATL cells | G2/M | In vitro | (148) |
| (FA-LPNPs-VP-5-FU) | HCT116 | G2/M and S | In vitro | (149) |
| Metformin | BCC | G0/G1 | In vitro | (150) |
| Mitomycin C + protoporphyrin IX(ALA) | T24 | G2/M | In vitro | (151) |
| Protoporphyrin IX (ALA) | PC-3 | G0/G1 | In vitro | (152) |
| Methylene blue (MB) and rutoside | A375 | G0/G1 | In vitro | (153) |
| AlPcS4Cl Gold NPs | A549 | G1 and S | In vitro | (154) |
| Platinum(II) porphyrins (3-TPyP and 4-TPyP) |
WM1366 | No significant | In vitro | (155) |
| Pheophorbide a (Pa) | U87 MG, SK-OV-3, and HeLa | Only G0/G1 in U87 MG | In vitro | (156) |