Catalyst deactivation dependent on coke formation of fuel and dehydrogenation catalyst systems.

Deactivation expression	Catalyst type	TOS	Reactor type	reaction	Reference
a = exp(−αCC)	Cr2O3–Al2O3	nta	Fixed bed reactor	i-Butene dehydrogenation	Dumez and Froment15
a = 1 − αCC
a = (1 − αCC)2
a = 1/(1 + αCC)
a = 1/(1 + αCC)2
	FCC catalyst	1.25–5 min	Fluidized dense-bed reactor	Hydrocarbons cracking	Jacob et al.95
	nta	20–40 h	Plug flow model	Vacuum gasoil cracking	Martin et al.96
	Zeolite	0–10 s	Fluidized regenerator and riser cracker	FCC	Arandes and Lasa60
	FCC catalyst	nta	FCC riser reactors	Vacuum gas oil cracking	Nayak et al.87
a = exp(−αCc)	Pt–Sn/–Al2O3	1–10 day	Tubular quartz reactor	Propane dehydrogenation	Niknaddaf et al.97
a = (1 +βCc)−m	nta	1–40 s	Fluidized bed reactor	Catalytic cracking of vacuum residue	Gao et al.88
a = (1 + αCc)−β	FCC catalyst	nta	Fluidized bed	Catalytic cracking of heavy oil	Xiong et al.89
a = Ao exp(−A1Cc)	Y and ZSM-5	nta	Riser reactor	Vacuum gasoil cracking	Ivanchina et al.91
	CHZ-4	50 min	Fixed bed reactor	Biomass fast pyrolysis oil	Wan et al.93
	Cr2O3/Al2O3 catalyst	nta	Moving bed reactor	Propane dehydrogenation	Ghodasara, et al.98
	Pd–Ag supported α-Al2O3	800 day	Packed bed reactor	Acetylene hydrogenation	Dehghani et al.99
a = Ao exp(−A1Cc)	nta	4.5 s	Plug flow reactor	Catalytic cracking of vacuum distillate and residual feedstock	Nazarova et al.100
a = exp(−Kdt)	Ni/ZrO2	60 min	Tubular packed-bed reactor	Deoxygenation of palm oil to produce green diesel	Hafeez et al.94
a = Ao exp(−A1Cc)	nta	4.5 s	Riser reactor	Vacuum gasoil cracking	Nazarova et al.17

^aNot reported.