Table 1.

Percentage of the reduction in RMS of the normalized activation level of Br and Tr in both arms.

Unit (%)		2 kg						7 kg
		Biceps Brachii (Bi)			Triceps Brachii (Tr)			Biceps Brachii (Bi)			Triceps Brachii (Tr)
		Right	Left	Avg.	Right	Left	Avg.	Right	Left	Avg.	Right	Left	Avg.
P1	Lifting	0.0ns	−22.1*	−11.1	0.0ns	0.0ns	0.0	0.0ns	0.0ns	0.0	−14.0*	0.0	−7.0
	Holding	17.8***	0.0ns	8.9	18.4**	0.0ns	9.2	22.6***	0.0ns	11.3	0.0ns	−17.4*	−8.7
	Lowering	39.0***	17.1**	28.1	29.5***	0.0ns	14.7	28.8***	0.0ns	14.4	20.3**	0.0ns	10.1
P2	Lifting	0.0ns	0.0ns	0.0	21.5**	0.0ns	10.8	0.0ns	0.0ns	0.0	16.4**	0.0ns	8.2
	Holding	0.0ns	−23.1*	−11.5	20.7***	0.0ns	10.4	0.0ns	0.0ns	0.0	6.7*	0.0ns	3.4
	Lowering	0.0ns	−35.0*	−17.5	0.0ns	0.0ns	0.0	0.0ns	0.0ns	0.0	−14.1*	0.0ns	−7.0
P3	Lifting	11.3*	31.7***	21.5	19.3***	37.4***	28.4	0.0ns	28.6***	14.3	16.4**	26.2***	21.3
	Holding	0.0ns	25.2***	12.6	11.3*	26.5***	18.9	−20.1**	15.4**	−2.3	0.0ns	7.0*	3.5
	Lowering	0.0ns	24.3**	12.2	18.1**	38.5***	28.3	−29.5**	11.4*	−9.1	0.0ns	13.9**	7.0
P4	Lifting	36.3***	15.3*	25.8	36.2***	22.3**	29.2	33.6***	0.0ns	16.8	34.9***	28.5**	31.7
	Holding	35.5***	0.0ns	17.7	36.5***	18.3*	27.4	29.2***	0.0ns	14.6	26.6***	22.2***	24.4
	Lowering	49.9***	27.7***	38.8	35.4***	28.5***	32.0	32.8***	16.4**	24.6	38.9***	31.4***	35.1
P5	Lifting	45.1***	30.9**	38.0	35.5***	38.4***	37.0	13.0*	38.4***	25.7	26.2***	42.3***	34.2
	Holding	45.2***	23.6***	34.4	29.7***	30.6***	30.2	20.7**	22.5***	21.6	23.3***	29.3***	26.3
	Lowering	47.5***	28.8***	38.2	0.0ns	25.4**	12.7	18.3**	15.2**	16.8	0.0ns	32.3***	16.1
							Effect of elbow-sideWINDER:				Positive		Negative

The value, Avg., is the average for both arms. A positive value (blue cell) indicates reduced muscle activation and a negative value (red cell) indicates increased muscle activation. The zero value indicates that there is no significant difference between wearing and not wearing the exoskeleton (^nsp > 0.05,

^*p < 0.05,

^**p < 0.01,

^***p < 0.001).