Table 2.
Unadjusted and adjusted IRRs for cardiovascular outcomes by diabetes and ethnicity-adjusted BMI category
| Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted IRR* (95% CI) | Adjusted IRR (95% CI) | Adjusted IRR* (95% CI) | |
| Cardiovascular mortality | ||||
| Normal + nondiabetes | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Overweight + nondiabetes | 1.38 (1.28–1.48, P < 0.001) | 1.10 (1.02–1.18, P = 0.012) | 1.01 (0.94–1.09, P = 0.735) | 1.00 (0.93–1.08, P = 0.887) |
| Obese + nondiabetes | 1.96 (1.82–2.12, P < 0.001) | 1.67 (1.53–1.79, P < 0.001) | 1.35 (1.25–1.46, P < 0.001) | 1.27 (1.17–1.37, P < 0.001) |
| Normal + diabetes | 4.38 (3.47–5.23, P < 0.001) | 2.39 (1.90–3.02, P < 0.001) | 1.88 (1.49–2.37, P < 0.001) | 1.55 (1.21–1.98, P < 0.001) |
| Overweight + diabetes | 5.71 (5.06–6.44, P < 0.001) | 2.82 (2.49–3.19, P < 0.001) | 2.00 (1.76–2.27, P < 0.001) | 1.71 (1.47–1.98, P < 0.001) |
| Obese + diabetes | 7.05 (6.40–7.75, P < 0.001) | 4.05 (3.68–4.47, P < 0.001) | 2.57 (2.32–2.84, P < 0.001) | 1.96 (1.71–2.25, P < 0.001) |
| All-cause mortality | ||||
| Normal + nondiabetes | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Overweight + nondiabetes | 1.15 (1.11–1.18, P < 0.001)* | 0.97 (0.95–1.00, P = 0.075) | 0.95 (0.92–0.97, P < 0.001)* | 0.94 (0.92–0.97, P < 0.001) |
| Obese + nondiabetes | 1.38 (1.34–1.43, P < 0.001)* | 1.22 (1.18–1.26, P < 0.001) | 1.12 (1.09–1.16, P < 0.001) | 1.10 (1.06–1.13, P < 0.001) |
| Normal + diabetes | 3.16 (2.84–3.50, P < 0.001) | 1.97 (1.77–2.19, P < 0.001) | 1.79 (1.61–1.99, P < 0.001) | 1.57 (1.40–1.76, P < 0.001) |
| Overweight + diabetes | 3.01 (2.83–3.20, P < 0.001)* | 1.74 (1.63–1.85, P < 0.001) | 1.49 (1.40–1.59, P < 0.001)* | 1.36 (1.26–1.46, P < 0.001) |
| Obese + diabetes | 3.52 (3.36–3.69, P < 0.001)* | 2.28 (2.17–2.39, P < 0.001) | 1.86 (1.77–1.95, P < 0.001) | 1.61 (1.50–1.72, P < 0.001) |
| Nonfatal MI | ||||
| Normal + nondiabetes | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Overweight + nondiabetes | 1.59 (1.49–1.69, P < 0.001) | 1.27 (1.20–1.36, P < 0.001) | 1.22 (1.14–1.30, P < 0.001) | 1.22 (1.15–1.30, P < 0.001) |
| Obese + nondiabetes | 1.86 (1.73–1.99, P < 0.001) | 1.60 (1.49–1.71, P < 0.001) | 1.41 (1.31–1.51, P < 0.001) | 1.41 (1.32–1.52, P < 0.001) |
| Normal + diabetes | 2.65 (2.04–3.44, P < 0.001) | 1.59 (1.22–2.07, P < 0.001) | 1.38 (1.06–1.80, P = 0.017) | 1.21 (0.92–1.59, P = 0.179) |
| Overweight + diabetes | 3.87 (3.41–4.39, P < 0.001) | 2.07 (1.82–2.35, P < 0.001) | 1.67 (1.47–1.91, P < 0.001) | 1.41 (1.32–1.52, P < 0.001) |
| Obese + diabetes | 4.54 (4.11–5.01, P < 0.001) | 2.85 (2.58–3.16, P < 0.001) | 2.15 (1.93–2.39, P < 0.001) | 1.93 (1.67–2.23, P < 0.001) |
| Nonfatal ischemic stroke | ||||
| Normal + nondiabetes | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
| Overweight + nondiabetes | 1.37 (1.25–1.50, P < 0.001)* | 1.15 (1.05–1.26, P = 0.002) | 1.09 (0.99–1.19, P = 0.069) | 1.09 (1.00–1.19, P = 0.064) |
| Obese + nondiabetes | 1.63 (1.48–1.79, P < 0.001)* | 1.45 (1.83–2.61, P < 0.001) | 1.26 (1.14–1.39, P < 0.001) | 1.24 (1.12–1.37, P < 0.001) |
| Normal + diabetes | 3.96 (2.94–5.33, P < 0.001) | 2.45 (1.82–3.30, P < 0.001) | 2.06 (1.53–2.78, P < 0.001) | 1.83 (1.33–2.52, P < 0.001) |
| Overweight + diabetes | 3.80 (3.19–4.52, P < 0.001)* | 2.19 (1.32–1.60, P < 0.001) | 1.72 (1.44–2.06, P < 0.001) | 1.60 (1.29–1.99, P < 0.001) |
| Obese + diabetes | 4.26 (3.70–4.89, P < 0.001)* | 2.80 (2.43–3.23, P < 0.001) | 2.05 (1.77–2.37, P < 0.001) | 1.80 (1.48–2.21, P < 0.001) |
Data obtained from Poisson regression analysis. Model 1 is the unadjusted model plus adjustment for sex, age, ethnicity, smoking status, and deprivation score. Model 2 is model 1 plus adjustment for chronic cardiac condition, hypertension, cancer, chronic respiratory condition, chronic liver disease, chronic renal disease, and neurological disease. Model 3 is model 2 plus adjustment for calcium channel blocker, β-blocker, angiotensin receptor blocker, thiazide diuretic, loop diuretic, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, statin, ACE inhibitor, aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin, insulin, and metformin.
*
P < 0.05 for interaction between diabetes status and BMI category.