Table 2.
COVID-19 ICU CLABSI Versus Non–COVID-19 ICU CLABSI in the Pandemic Period, March 2020–August 2021
| Variable | Non–COVID-19 ICU CLABSIs (n=15), No. (%) a |
COVID-19 ICU CLABSIs (n=49), No. (%) a |
P
Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICU CLABSI rate per 1,000 central-line days (n/N) | 0.60 (15/24,866) |
6.31 (49/7,763) |
<.0001 |
| Patient demographics | |||
| Age, average y | 52 | 64 | .0708 |
| Sex, female | 5 (33) | 20 (41) | .6032 |
| Race | |||
| Asian | 1 (7) | 2 (4) | |
| Black/African-American | 7 (47) | 7 (14) | |
| Other | 1 (7) | 11 (22) | |
| White | 6 (40) | 29 (59) | |
| Charlson comorbidities | |||
| Myocardial infarction history | 4 (27) | 15 (31) | .7698 |
| Congestive heart failure | 9 (60) | 23 (47) | .3760 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 4 (27) | 4 (8) | .0580 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 3 (20) | 6 (12) | .4497 |
| Dementia | 0 (0) | 2 (4) | .4266 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 3 (20) | 14 (29) | .5107 |
| Rheumatic disease | 0 (0) | 3 (6) | .3263 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 2 (13) | 2 (4) | .1952 |
| Mild liver disease | 3 (20) | 11 (22) | .8409 |
| Diabetes without complication | 4 (27) | 30 (61) | .0189 |
| Diabetes with complication | 4 (27) | 20 (41) | .3219 |
| Hemiplegia | 2 (13) | 6 (12) | .9112 |
| Renal disease | 10 (67) | 28 (57) | .5111 |
| Malignancy (leukemia and lymphoma) | 2 (13) | 5 (10) | .7340 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 3 (20) | 1 (2) | .0119 |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 0 (0) | 4 (8) | .2531 |
| AIDS/HIV | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0000 |
| Charlson comorbidity score, median | 6 | 5 | .8296 |
| Encounter | |||
| Hospital LOS, median d | 31 | 39 | .6142 |
| ICU LOS, median d | 25 | 25 | 1.0000 |
| ICU during encounter | 15 (100) | 49 (100) | 1.0000 |
| ICU at the time of CLABSI | 15 (100) | 49 (100) | 1.0000 |
| Time to CLABSI, median d | 17 | 15 | .3030 |
| In-house mortality | 5 (33) | 24 (49) | .2868 |
| Line variables | |||
| Central-line duration during the encounter, median, d | 26 | 21 | .3209 |
| Device utilization ratio, catheter days/patient days | 0.45 | 0.65 | <.0001 |
| Dialysis line attributed to CLABSI | 9 (60) | 17 (35) | .0808 |
| Femoral line attributed to CLABSI | 5 (33) | 3 (6) | .0053 |
| PICC line attributed to CLABSI | 3 (20) | 4 (8) | .1987 |
| Port line attributed to CLABSI | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0000 |
| PA catheter line attributed to CLABSI | 2 (13) | 0 (0) | .0094 |
| Arterial line present on infection date | 8 (53) | 47 (96) | <.0001 |
| Organism | |||
| Gram-positive organisms | 6 (40) | 25 (51) | .4549 |
| Methicillin-resistant S. aureus | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | .5771 |
| Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.0000 |
| Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus | 2 (13) | 10 (20) | .5390 |
| Enterococcus spp | 4 (27) | 13 (27) | .9917 |
| Gram-negative organisms | 4 (27) | 6 (12) | .1783 |
| Candida spp | 5 (33) | 23 (47) | .3527 |
| Polymicrobial CLABSI | 0 (0) | 9 (18) | .0734 |
Note. ICU, intensive care unit; CLABSI, central-line–associated bloodstream infection; LOS, length of stay; AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
a
Units unless otherwise specified.