Figure 2.

Schematic illustration of the biogenesis and therapeutic potential of adipose‐derived stem cell‐derived exosomes (ADSC‐Exos). The process begins with endocytosis and the formation of early endosomes, which can mature into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the accumulation of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs). When MVBs fuse with the plasma membrane, ILVs are released as exosomes. ADSC‐Exos contain tetraspanins (CD9, CD63, and CD81), biogenesis‐related proteins (TSG101 and ALIX), heat shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90) and nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, miRNA, and rRNA). ADSC‐Exos exhibit therapeutic potential by enhancing cell proliferation, cell migration, and angiogenesis, participating in immunoregulation, and suppressing apoptosis.