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. 2023 May 10;10(20):2207334. doi: 10.1002/advs.202207334

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© 2023 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Spatially control of adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) differentiation mimicking tendon‐to‐bone attachment. A) The hierarchical structure of the tendon‐to‐bone attachment. (a) Schematic of transitional tissue. (b) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of the mineral gradient. (c) Raman microprobe results of mineral content. Color dots indicating mineral content (red, low; blue, high). (d) TEM‐electron energy loss spectroscopy image (red, mineral; green, tropocollagen). Reproduced with permission.^[ ¹⁵⁴ ^] Copyright 2017, Springer Nature. B) Fabrication of a platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) gradient aligned nanofiber surface by controlling oxidative polymerization of dopamine. (e) The relative percentage of immobilized PDGF at different positions on a PDGF gradient nanofiber. Reproduced with permission.^[ ¹⁵⁵ ^] Copyright 2018, Elsevier.