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. 2023 Jul 7;8(3):509–519. doi: 10.1016/j.synbio.2023.06.009

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Metabolic pathway for Neu5Ac biosynthesis in E. coli. Dashed arrows indicate multiple reactions. The green-colored box, purple-colored box, and yellow-colored box represent the AGE pathway, the NanE pathway and the NeuC pathway, respectively. Main metabolite abbreviations as follows: DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; GAP, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvic acid; PYR, pyruvate; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; GlcN6P, phosphate glucosamine-6-phosphate; GlcNAc-6P, N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate; GlcNAc, N-acetylglucosamine; ManNAc, N-acetylmannosamine; ManNAc6P, N-acetylmannosamine 6-phosphate; UDP-GlcNAc, uridine 5′-diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine; Neu5Ac, N-acetylneuraminic acid. Key gene abbreviations: pyk, encoding pyruvate kinase; ppsA, encoding phosphoenolpyruvate synthetase; glmS, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase; nagB, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase; glmM, encoding phosphoglucosamine mutase; glmU, encoding N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase/glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase; neuC, encoding UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase; GNA1, encoding glucosamine-6-phosphate N-acetyltransferase; nagA, encoding N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate deacetylase; yqaB, encoding phosphatase; nagK, encoding N-acetylglucosamine kinase; age, encoding N-acetyl-d-glucosamine 2-epimerase; nanK, encoding N-acetylmannosamine kinase; nanE, encoding N-acetylmannosamine-6-phosphate epimerase; neuB, encoding Neu5Ac synthase; nanA, encoding Neu5Ac aldolase.