Table 2.

Epigenetic modification influences cardiac fibrosis by affecting oxidative stress.

	Cardiac fibroblast	Cardiomyocyte	Endothelial cell
DNA methylation	−/−	●DNMT2 decreases GPX1 expression [54] Apoptosis↑	●DNA methylation levels of the IGFBP3 promoter↑ nuclear translocation of IGFBP3 [55] Angiogenesis↑
Histone modification	●SIRT1 inhibits Smad3 acetylation OS and ER stress [39] Activation↓	●SIRT1 reduces nuclear translocation of NRF2 [40] Ferroptosis↑ ●SIRT3 induces IDH2 deacetylation [49] Apoptosis↓ ●SIRT3 increase SOD2 activity [47] Apoptosis↓ ●SIRT4 inhibits Sirt3-mediated activation of MnSOD [50] Hypertrophy↑ ●EZH2 inhibits the expression of USP22 [52] Apoptosis↑	●SIRT1 inhibits AngII-induced ROS generation [43] Aging↑
Non-coding RNA	●miR-4732–3p increases Nfe2l2 and NRF1 [63] Activation↓	●miR-134–5p inhibits the expression of KAT7 [61] Hypertrophy↑ ●miR-194–5p Inhibits PAK2 expression [62] Apoptosis↑ ●miR-340–5p inhibits the expression of Mcl-1 [63] Apoptosis↑ ●lncDACH1 promote SIRT3 ubiquitination [65] Apoptosis↑ ●CircSamd4 induces the mitochondrial translocation of the Vcp protein [66] Apoptosis↓ ●CircITCH Upregulates SIRT6 [67] Apoptosis↓	miR-101–3p inhibits expression of Bim [59] Apoptosis↓