TABLE 5.
Univariable and Multivariable Analyses for Association with Overall Survival
| Characteristic (N) | Univariable | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
| Age (2398) | 1.08 (1.07–1.09) | <0.001 | 1.07 (1.06–1.09) | <0.001 |
| Sex (2398) | ||||
| Female | — | |||
| Male | 1.14 (0.92–1.40) | 0.2 | ||
| Race (2328) | ||||
| Asian | — | — | ||
| Black | 2.72 (1.23–6.00) | 0.013 | 1.66 (0.73–3.80) | 0.2 |
| White | 2.99 (1.48–6.03) | 0.002 | 1.84 (0.90–3.74) | 0.093 |
| Other | 2.22 (0.47–10.4) | 0.3 | 1.66 (0.34–8.00) | 0.5 |
| Ethnicity (2164) | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | — | |||
| Not Hispanic | 1.69 (0.87–3.29) | 0.12 | ||
| History of cancer (2398) | ||||
| No | — | — | ||
| Yes | 1.88 1.45–2.45 | <0.001 | 1.35 (1.00–1.82) | 0.046 |
| ASA (2398) | ||||
| 1 | — | — | ||
| 2 | 1.25 (0.30–5.12) | 0.8 | 0.27 (0.06–1.13) | 0.073 |
| 3 | 4.65 (1.16–18.7) | 0.030 | 0.66 (0.16–2.73) | 0.6 |
| 4 | 12.0 (2.88–50.1) | <0.001 | 1.01 (0.23–4.45) | >0.9 |
| BMI (2376) | 0.99 (0.98–1.01) | 0.6 | ||
| CEA level (2139) | ||||
| <5 | — | — | ||
| ≥5 | 1.44 (1.15–1.80) | 0.001 | 1.16 (0.90–1.49) | 0.2 |
| Albumin level (2353) | 0.48 (0.38–0.60) | <0.001 | 0.87 (0.65–1.17) | 0.4 |
| Tumor location (2398) | ||||
| Left colon | — | — | ||
| Mid-transverse colon | 1.21 (0.81–1.81) | 0.3 | 0.70 (0.43–1.14) | 0.2 |
| Right colon | 1.64 (1.30–2.05) | <0.001 | 1.10 (0.84–1.43) | 0.5 |
| Colectomy extent (2398) | ||||
| Extended | — | |||
| Segmental | 1.22 (0.79–1.88) | 0.4 | ||
| Tumor grade (2318) | ||||
| Low grade | — | — | ||
| High grade | 1.55 (1.21–1.97) | <0.001 | 1.21 (0.91–1.59) | 0.2 |
| N category (2398) | ||||
| 0 | — | — | ||
| 1 | 1.18 (0.92–1.50) | 0.2 | 1.34 (1.01–1.78) | 0.043 |
| 2 | 1.73 (1.29–2.33) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.48–3.11) | <0.001 |
| T category (2398) | ||||
| CIS or 1 | — | — | ||
| 2 | 1.05 (0.70–1.59) | 0.8 | 1.05 (0.65–1.69) | 0.9 |
| 3 | 1.04 (0.75–1.44) | 0.8 | 0.85 (0.56–1.27) | 0.4 |
| 4 | 2.11 (1.46–3.04) | <0.001 | 1.42 (0.88–2.29) | 0.15 |
| Procedure yr (2398) | ||||
| 2006–2009 | — | |||
| 2010–2014 | 1.02 (0.81–1.30) | 0.9 | ||
| 2015–2018 | 0.84 (0.59–1.20) | 0.3 | ||
| Colectomy approach (2398) | ||||
| Laparoscopic | — | — | ||
| Open | 1.32 (1.05–1.65) | 0.017 | 1.02 (0.78–1.32) | >0.9 |
| Robotic | 0.63 (0.44–0.89) | 0.009 | 0.79 (0.53–1.17) | 0.2 |
HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of physical status; BMI = body mass index; CEA = carcinoembryonic antigen; CIS = intramucosal carcinoma in situ.