. 2023 Jul 26;20:96. doi: 10.1186/s12984-023-01216-6

Table 2.

ACNS descriptors

ACNS parameters	N (%)	p-value	χ²	EMCS (N = 93)	MCS + (N = 29)	MCS −(N = 23)	UWS (N = 29)
APG		0.013	16.156
Absent	29 (16.7)			8^a	4^{a, b}	7^b	10^b
Present	131 (75.3)			78^a	21^a	14^a	18^a
N/A	14 (8)			7^a	4^a	2^a	1^a
Reactivity		0.001	28.182
Present	70 (40.2)			49^a	8^{a, b}	7^{a, b}	6^b
Not constant	74 (42.5)			32^a	16^a	12^a	14^a
Not clear	14 (8.0)			8^a	4^a	1^a	1^a
Absent	16 (9.2)			4^a	1^{a, b}	3^{a, b}	8^b
Symmetry
Present	96 (55.2)	0.169	5.049	–	–	–	–

Descriptive statistics (count, percentages). Chi-square analysis of ACNS parameters with respect to consciousness state and related z-test for multiple comparisons. Each subscript letter (^{a, b}) denotes a subset of consciousness state categories whose column proportions do not differ significantly from each other at α = 0.05 level with the Bonferroni correction

ACNS American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, APG Antero-Posterior Gradient, EMCS Emergence from Minimally Consciousness State, MCS Minimally Consciousness State, UWS Unresponsive Vegetative State