Table 1.
Characteristics of infants at birth and cumulative P. falciparum infections after 6 months of age
| Characteristics of infants and mothers in Liwonde and Mfera cohorts | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 437) |
Any malaria infection | Asymptomatic P. falciparum infection | Clinical malaria | ||||||||
| Yes (n = 127) |
No (n = 310) |
P-value | Yes (n = 99) |
No (n = 289) |
P-value | Yes (n = 49) |
No (n = 388) |
P-value | |||
| Infant sexa | Male | 195 (45) | 58 (46) | 137 (45) | 0.79b | 43 (44) | 124 (43) | 0.93b | 28 (57) | 167 (43) | 0.07b |
| Study site |
Liwonde Mfera |
344 (79) 93 (21) |
93 (73) 34 (27) |
251 (81) 59 (19) |
0.07b |
81 (82) 18 (18) |
237 (82) 52 (18) |
0.97b |
26 (53) 23 (47) |
318 (82) 70 (18) |
< .0001b |
| Season of birth | Rainy | 146 (33) | 55 (43) | 91 (29) | 0.005b | 43 (43) | 85 (29) | 0.01b | 18 (37) | 128 (33) | 0.60b |
| Maternal gravidity | Mean (SD) | 1.9 (1.8) | 2.1 (1.9) | 1.8 (1.7) | 0.08c | 1.9 (1.8) | 1.8 (1.7) | 0.44c | 2.2 (2.1) | 1.8 (1.7) | 0.21c |
| Maternal age (years) | Mean (SD) | 25 (6) | 26 (7) | 25 (6) | 0.05c | 26 (7) | 25 (6) | 0.06c | 25 (7) | 25 (6) | 0.82c |
| Rainy season (%) | Mean (SD) | 53 (7) | 52 (7) | 54 (7) | 0.0009c | 52 (7) | 54 (7) | 0.005c | 52 (7) | 54 (7) | 0.19c |
| Low birthweight (< 2.5 kg) | Yes | 34 (8) | 9 (7) | 25 (8) | 0.73b | 7 (7) | 23 (8) | 0.78b | 4 (8) | 30 (8) | 0.92b |
| Characteristics of infants and mothers in the Mfera cohort only | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (N = 93) | Yes (n = 39) | No (n = 54) | P-valuea | Yes (n = 20) | No (n = 50) | P-valuea | Yes (n = 23) | No (n = 70) | P-valuea | ||
| Infant sex | Male | 42 (45) | 19 (49) | 23 (43) | 0.56 | 9 (45) | 21 (42) | 0.82 | 12 (52) | 30 (43) | 0.44 |
| Season of birth | Rainy | 25 (27) | 16 (41) | 9 (17) | 0.009 | 8 (40) | 9 (18) | 0.05 | 8 (35) | 17 (24) | 0.32 |
| Maternal gravidity | Mean (SD) | 2.6 (2.1) | 2.7 (2.1) | 2.5 (2.1) | 0.56c | 2.7 (1.8) | 2.6 (2.1) | 0.89c | 2.6 (2.4) | 2.6 (2.5) | 0.95c |
| Maternal age in years, mean (SD) | 26 (7) | 27 (6) | 26 (7) | 0.61b | 27 (6) | 26 (7) | 0.79b | 26 (7) | 26 (7) | 0.76b | |
aMissing 4 infant sex values; bChi-square; cStudent’s t-test