Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors related to nipple or skin sensation post nipple-sparing mastectomy
| Univariate analysis | |||||||||
| Nipple sensation | Skin sensation | ||||||||
| Total | Satisfya (N) | % | OR | CI | p-value | OR | CI | p-value | |
| Age | |||||||||
| < 40 | 75 | 17 | 22.7 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| ≧ 40 and < 60 | 329 | 97 | 29.5 | 1.42 | 0.79–2.57 | 0.23 | 0.94 | 0.55–1.60 | 0.83 |
| ≧ 60 | 56 | 19 | 33.9 | 1.75 | 0.80–3.79 | 0.15 | 1.31 | 0.64–2.68 | 0.45 |
| Surgical methods | |||||||||
| C-NSM | 174 | 63 | 36.2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| E-NSM | 195 | 52 | 26.7 | 0.64 | 0.41–0.99 | 0.04 | 0.42 | 0.27–0.61 | < 0.01 |
| R-NSM | 91 | 18 | 19.8 | 0.43 | 0.23–0.79 | < 0.01 | 0.18 | 0.09–0.34 | < 0.01 |
| Surgical ALN staging method | |||||||||
| SLNB | 298 | 94 | 31.5 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| SLNB + ALND | 85 | 14 | 16.5 | 0.42 | 0.22–0.79 | < 0.01 | 0.85 | 0.51–1.44 | 0.56 |
| ALND | 31 | 11 | 35.5 | 1.19 | 0.54–2.59 | 0.65 | 2.36 | 1.12–4.99 | 0.02 |
| Surgical wound location | |||||||||
| Upper outer (radial + other) | 71 | 17 | 23.9 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Infra-mammary Fold | 18 | 6 | 33.3 | 1.58 | 0.51–4.87 | 0.41 | 1.91 | 0.67–5.45 | 0.22 |
| Peri-areolar | 156 | 60 | 38.5 | 1.98 | 1.05–3.74 | 0.03 | 1.53 | 0.86–2.71 | 0.14 |
| Single axillary or lateral chest | 215 | 50 | 23.3 | 0.96 | 0.51–1.8 | 0.90 | 0.38 | 0.40–0.68 | < 0.01 |
| Specimen size, g | |||||||||
| < 180 | 66 | 24 | 36.4 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 180–320 | 173 | 51 | 29.5 | 0.73 | 0.40–1.33 | 0.30 | 0.74 | 0.41–1.34 | 0.32 |
| 320–450 | 93 | 24 | 25.8 | 0.60 | 0.30–1.20 | 0.15 | 0.90 | 0.46–1.73 | 0.75 |
| > 450 | 80 | 21 | 26.3 | 0.62 | 0.30–1.26 | 0.18 | 0.88 | 0.44–1.73 | 0.71 |
| Operation time | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.33 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | 0.86 | |||
| Follow-up time (time since surgery), month | |||||||||
| ≦ 12 m | 86 | 10 | 11.6 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 12 m and ≦ 36 m | 155 | 39 | 25.2 | 2.55 | 1.2–5.42 | 0.01 | 1.52 | 0.83–2.79 | 0.17 |
| > 36 m and ≦ 60 m | 97 | 37 | 38.1 | 4.68 | 2.15–10.1 | < 0.01 | 2.12 | 1.11–4.05 | 0.02 |
| > 60 m | 122 | 47 | 38.5 | 4.76 | 2.24–10.1 | < 0.01 | 2.45 | 1.32–4.53 | < 0.01 |
| Multivariate analysis | |||||||||
| Nipple sensation (stepwise) | Skin sensation (stepwise) | ||||||||
| Total | Satisfy (N) | % | OR | CI | p-value | OR | CI | p-value | |
| Surgical methods | |||||||||
| C-NSM | 174 | 63 | 36.2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| E-NSM | 195 | 52 | 26.7 | 0.39 | 0.19–0.79 | 0.01 | 0.58 | 0.31–1.08 | 0.08 |
| R-NSM | 91 | 18 | 19.8 | 0.23 | 0.09–0.6 | < 0.01 | 0.29 | .011–0.74 | 0.01 |
| Surgical wound location | |||||||||
| Upper outer (radial + other) | 71 | 17 | 23.9 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Inframammary fold | 18 | 6 | 33.3 | 2.08 | 0.62–6.88 | 0.23 | 2.02 | 0.69–5.95 | 0.19 |
| Peri-areolar | 156 | 60 | 38.5 | 2.84 | 1.4–5.73 | < 0.01 | 1.74 | 0.95–3.22 | 0.07 |
| Single axillary or lateral chest | 215 | 50 | 23.3 | 3.76 | 1.32–10.7 | 0.01 | 0.79 | 0.32–1.97 | 0.61 |
| Follow-up time (time since surgery), month | |||||||||
| ≦ 12 m | 86 | 10 | 11.6 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 12 m and ≦ 36 m | 155 | 39 | 25.2 | 2.77 | 1.28–5.98 | < 0.01 | 1.96 | 1.03–3.75 | 0.04 |
| > 36 m and ≦ 60 m | 97 | 37 | 38.1 | 5.49 | 2.46–12.3 | < 0.01 | 2.72 | 1.35–5.48 | < 0.01 |
| > 60 m | 122 | 47 | 38.5 | 5.75 | 2.55–12.9 | < 0.01 | 1.97 | 1.0–3.89 | < 0.05 |
| Multivariate Analysis | |||||||||
| Nipple sensation (stepwise) | Skin sensation (stepwise) | ||||||||
| Total | Satisfy (N) | % | OR | CI | p-value | OR | CI | p-value | |
| Surgical wound location | |||||||||
| Upper outer (radial + other) | 71 | 17 | 23.9 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Inframammary fold | 18 | 6 | 33.3 | 1.8 | 0.56–5.86 | 0.31 | 1.9 | 0.65–5.5 | 0.23 |
| Peri-areolar | 156 | 60 | 38.5 | 2.1 | 1.09–4.04 | 0.02 | 1.5 | 0.84–2.67 | 0.16 |
| Single axillary or lateral chest | 215 | 50 | 23.3 | 1.2 | 0.58–2.32 | 0.65 | 0.4 | 0.19–0.67 | < 0.01 |
| Follow-up time (time since surgery), month | |||||||||
| ≦ 12 m | 86 | 10 | 11.6 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 12 m and ≦ 36 m | 155 | 39 | 25.2 | 2.5 | 1.2–5.53 | 0.01 | 1.8 | 0.97–3.5 | 0.06 |
| > 36 m and ≦ 60 m | 97 | 37 | 38.1 | 4.8 | 2.19–10.5 | < 0.01 | 2.4 | 1.2–4.71 | 0.01 |
| > 60 m | 122 | 47 | 38.5 | 4.2 | 1.97–9.32 | < 0.01 | 1.7 | 0.86–3.18 | 0.12 |
| Multivariate analysis | |||||||||
| Nipple sensation (stepwise) | Skin sensation (stepwise) | ||||||||
| Total | Satisfy (N) | % | OR | CI | p-value | OR | CI | p-value | |
| Surgical methods | |||||||||
| C-NSM | 174 | 63 | 36.2 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| E-NSM | 195 | 52 | 26.7 | 0.7 | 0.41–1.04 | 0.07 | 0.42 | 0.27–0.65 | < 0.01 |
| R-NSM | 91 | 18 | 19.8 | 0.4 | 0.21–0.77 | < 0.01 | 0.16 | 0.08–0.32 | < 0.01 |
| Follow-up time after op, m | |||||||||
| ≦ 12 m | 86 | 10 | 11.6 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| > 12 m and ≦ 36 m | 155 | 39 | 25.2 | 2.9 | 1.35–6.2 | < 0.01 | 1.9 | 1.05–3.72 | 0.03 |
| > 36 m and ≦ 60 m | 97 | 37 | 38.1 | 5.4 | 2.4–11.9 | < 0.01 | 2.7 | 1.4–5.55 | < 0.01 |
| > 60 m | 122 | 47 | 38.5 | 4.5 | 2.1–9.64 | < 0.01 | 2.2 | 1.2–4.26 | 0.01 |
aSatisfy: preserved nipple sensation