Table 2.
Bivariate descriptive analysis of the association between sociodemographic variables and moderate/severe food insecurity in households headed by older people.Family Budget Survey
| Variables | Moderate/severe food insecurity | p value3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||||||
| %1 | 99% CI2 | %1 | 99% CI2 | ||||
| Age (years) | 60 to 80 | 10.8 | 9.8; 11.8 | 89.2 | 88.2; 90.2 | 0.000 | |
| ≥ 80 | 6.16 | 4.7; 8.0 | 93.8 | 92.0; 95.3 | |||
| Sex | Male | 8.7 | 7.7; 9.8 | 91.3 | 90.2; 92.3 | 0.000 | |
| Female | 11.9 | 10.6; 13.3 | 88.1 | 86.7; 89.4 | |||
| Skin color/race | White | 5.8 | 4.9; 6.8 | 94.2 | 93.2; 95.1 | 0.000 | |
| Black | 16.0 | 13.1; 19.4 | 84.0 | 80.6; 86.9 | |||
| Brown | 14.4 | 12.8; 16.0 | 85.6 | 84.0; 87.1 | |||
| Asian/Yellow | 2.8 | 0.8; 9.0 | 97.1 | 90.9; 99.1 | |||
| Indigenous | 25.5 | 13.4; 43.1 | 74.5 | 56.9; 86.6 | |||
| Educational level (years) | > 8 | 4.82 | 3.9; 6.0 | 95.2 | 94.0; 96.1 | 0.000 | |
| 1 to 8 | 11.1 | 9.8; 12.5 | 88.9 | 87.5; 90.2 | |||
| No schooling | 18.3 | 16.1; 20.8 | 81.6 | 79.2; 83.9 | |||
| Region | South | 4.2 | 3.2; 5.4 | 95.8 | 94.6; 96.8 | 0.000 | |
| North | 20.8 | 17.1; 24.9 | 79.2 | 75.0; 82.9 | |||
| Northeast | 16.4 | 14.6; 18.4 | 83.6 | 81.6; 85.4 | |||
| Southeast | 7.0 | 5.8; 8.4 | 93.0 | 91.6; 94.2 | |||
| Midwest | 13.9 | 9.3; 20.3 | 86.1 | 79.7; 90.7 | |||
| Area | Urban | 9.7 | 8.7; 10.7 | 90.3 | 89.3; 91.3 | 0.000 | |
| Rural | 13.2 | 11.1; 15.6 | 86.8 | 84.4; 88.9 | |||
| Number of residents in the household | 1 | 10.7 | 8.9; 12.8 | 89.3 | 87.2; 91.1 | 0.000 | |
| 2 | 8.5 | 7.2; 10.1 | 91.4 | 89.9; 92.8 | |||
| ≥ 3 | 11.4 | 10.2; 12.9 | 88.5 | 87.1; 89.8 | |||
| Number of older people in the household | 1 | 11.6 | 10.5; 12.7 | 88.4 | 87.2; 89.5 | 0.000 | |
| ≥ 2 | 8.0 | 6.8; 9.3 | 92.0 | 90.7; 93.2 | |||
| Per capita monthly income* | ≥ 1 MW | 7.0 | 6.1;7.9 | 93.0 | 92.1; 93.8 | 0.000 | |
| 1/2 to 1 MW | 19.3 | 17.0; 21.9 | 80.7 | 78.1; 83.0 | |||
| ≤ 1/2 MW | 29.6 | 25.1; 34.5 | 70.4 | 65.4; 74.9 | |||
| Receipt of the Continuous Provision Benefit | No | 9.8 | 8.9; 10.7 | 90.2 | 89.3; 91.1 | 0.000 | |
| Yes | 16.7 | 13.3; 20.8 | 83.3 | 79.2; 86.7 | |||
| Receipt of the Bolsa Família Program | No | 9.2 | 8.4; 10.2 | 90.8 | 89.8; 91.6 | 0.000 | |
| Yes | 28.3 | 23.4; 33.8 | 71.7 | 66.2; 76.6 | |||
| Receipt of retirement/pension | Yes | 8.7 | 7.9; 9.7 | 91.3 | 90.3; 92.1 | 0.000 | |
| No | 16.9 | 14.6; 19.4 | 83.1 | 80.6; 85.4 | |||
Notes: CI, confidence interval. MW, Minimum wage. 1Percentage; 299% confidence interval. *Minimum wage in Brazil in 2018: $US 297.20 (R$954,Brazilian real); 3P-valor = Chi-square test