Table 3.
Odds ratios (OR) and 99% confidence intervals (CI) of the association between sociodemographic variables and moderate/severe household food insecurityin households headed by older people. Family Budget Survey
| Variables | Moderate/severe food insecurity | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bivariate model | Adjusted model | |||||||
| OR¹ | 99% CI ² | p value 3 | OR¹ | 99% CI ² | p value 4 | |||
| Sex | Male | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Female | 1.4 | 1.2; 1.7 | 0.000 | 1.5 | 1.2; 1.8 | 0.000 | ||
| Skin color/race | White | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Black | 3.0 | 2.3; 4.1 | 0.000 | 1.8 | 1.3; 2.4 | 0.000 | ||
| Brown | 2.7 | 2.2; 3.4 | 0.000 | 1.5 | 1.2; 1.9 | 0.000 | ||
| Asian/Yellow | 0.5 | 0.1; 1.6 | 0.125 | 0.6 | 0.2; 2.4 | 0.248 | ||
| Indigenous | 5.6 | 2.5; 12.6 | 0.000 | 3.5 | 1.3; 9.3 | 0.001 | ||
| Educational level (years) | > 8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| 1 to 8 | 2.5 | 1.9; 3.3 | 0.000 | 2.0 | 1.5; 2.7 | 0.000 | ||
| No schooling | 4.9 | 3.7; 6.4 | 0.000 | 2.7 | 2.0; 3.6 | 0.000 | ||
| Region | South | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| North | 6.0 | 4.1; 8.6 | 0.000 | 2.9 | 2.0; 4.5 | 0.000 | ||
| Northeast | 4.6 | 3.4; 6.3 | 0.000 | 2.5 | 1.8; 3.5 | 0.000 | ||
| Southeast | 1.7 | 1.2; 2.5 | 0.000 | 1.6 | 1.1; 2.2 | 0.002 | ||
| Midwest | 3.7 | 2.1; 6.3 | 0.000 | 2.9 | 1.7; 5.0 | 0.000 | ||
| Area | Urban | 1.0 | ||||||
| Rural | 1.4 | 1.1; 1.8 | 0.000 | |||||
| Number of residents in the household | 1 | 1.0 | ||||||
| 2 | 0.8 | 0.6; 1.0 | 0.010 | |||||
| ≥ 3 | 1.0 | 0.8; 1.3 | 0.732 | |||||
| Number of older people in the household | 1 | 1.0 | ||||||
| ≥ 2 | 1.5 | 1.2; 1.8 | 0.000 | |||||
| Per capita monthly income* | ≥ 1 MW | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| 1/2 to 1 MW | 3.1 | 2.6; 3.9 | 0.000 | 1.9 | 1.5; 2.3 | 0.000 | ||
| ≤ 1/2 MW | 5.6 | 4.3; 7.3 | 0.000 | 2.6 | 1.9; 3.5 | 0.000 | ||
| Receipt of the Continuous Provision Benefit | No | 1.0 | ||||||
| Yes | 1.9 | 1.4; 2.5 | 0.000 | |||||
| Receipt of the Bolsa Família Program | No | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| Yes | 3.8 | 2.9; 5.0 | 0.000 | 1.5 | 1.1; 2.1 | 0.000 | ||
| Receipt of retirement/pension | Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | |||||
| No | 2.0 | 1.7; 2.5 | 0.000 | 1.7 | 1.3; 2.1 | 0.000 | ||
Notes: CI, confidence interval. MW, Minimum wage. Age was included as a confounding variable. 1Odds Ratio; 299% confidence interval.3p valor > 0.05; 4p valor > 0.01. *Minimum wage in Brazil in 2018: $US 297.20 (R$954, Brazilian real)