Table 2.

Summary of the relevant age limits

Special features in pediatric emergency
Sepsis, Temperature & Immune System	Greater body surface & thinner skin, heat generation by brown adipose tissue [13]	Newborn
	Special diagnostic scheme for elevated temperature [13]	Newborn
	Postoperative muscle tremor for heat generation [13]	Starting from 6 years
	Monocytes restricted to few cytokines [14]	Newborn
	Immune system more in an anti-inflammatory mode [14]	Up to 3 years
	Differentiation of B lymphocytes [15]	Up to 5 years
	Differentiation of the innate immune system [14]	Starting from 5 years of age - approx. 13 years of age
Respiration	Greatest formation of new alveoli [16]	Up to the age of 2
	Completion of alveolar formation[16]	Starting from 12 years
Traumatic brain injury	Unclear oncogenic effect unsuitable for initial assessment [17]	Up to 2 years
	Glasgow coma scale unsuitable for initial assessment [18]	Up to 3 years
	Immature cranial calvaria, higher water content, heavy head & weak musculature [19]	Up to 5 years
	Often different accident mechanism - often involved as pedestrian in the accident [20]	Up to 6 years
	“Kennard-Principle” Better outcome with traumatic brain injury [21]	Up to 12 years