Fig. 3.

Skin dysbiosis is associated with malodour in DD. A Correlation plot of α-diversity, disease severity and malodour in Darier patients. B Association between key abundant taxa and DD malodour. Pearson’s coefficient was used to calculate correlations among metavariables or between taxa and odour intensity. Red and blue colors on the correlation plots indicate positive and negative correlations, respectively. C Pie charts of Corynebacterium taxa distribution on DD axillary D submammary and E inguinal locations. The Corynebacterium group shows a threefold increase of abundance on the axillary regions and higher diversity on DD submammary areas. An increase of C. simulans abundance is characteristic on DD skin. F Relative abundances of DD representative taxa proportionally increasing or G decreasing with odour intensity. The statistical significance was calculated using Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon-Mann–Whitney tests, respectively, for multiple group and pairwise comparisons. The asterisks indicate statistically significant differences and correspond to *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, and ****p ≤ 0.0001