Figure 5. Refining epitopes of the nanobody repertoire.

All epitopes are mapped on the structure of wild-type RBD (PDB ID: 6M0J). (A) The original six RBD nanobody epitope groups capable of binding and/or neutralizing one or more variants are highlighted in dark gray. Further refinement of four groups: I, III, IV and V led to the identification of six additional epitope groups – resulting in a total of 12 epitope groups able to bind one or more variants of concern. (B) Summary of variant specific and broadly reactive nanobodies. (C) Nanobody groups predicted to bind/neutralize the circulating omicron variants EG.5 and HV.1. All structure representations were created on ChimeraX (Pettersen, Goddard et al. 2021).