Table (1):
Sample characteristics of the OxBOLD study.
| TD (N=77) | DLD (N=54) | HSL (N=28) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (in years) | 12.53 (1.72) | 12.40 (1.85) | 12.39 (1.56) | 0.894 |
| Gender | 0.032 | |||
| Male | 44 (57.1%) | 39 (72.2%) | 23 (82.1%) | |
| Female | 33 (42.9%) | 15 (27.8%) | 5 (17.9%) | |
| Handedness | 0.924 | |||
| Right | 66 (85.7%) | 45 (83.3%) | 24 (85.7%) | |
| Left | 11 (14.3%) | 9 (16.7%) | 4 (14.3%) | |
| Neuropsychological Assessments | ||||
| Non-verbal IQ (mean = 10, SD = 3) | 12.30 (1.90) | 8.66 (2.65) | 11.32 (1.94) | < 0.001 |
| Language factor (a.u.) | 0.77 (0.46) | −1.06 (0.60) | 0.00 (0.50) | < 0.001 |
| Memory factor (a.u.) | 0.54 (0.80) | −0.75 (0.75) | 0.05 (0.73) | < 0.001 |
| Pegboard (z-score) | −0.41 (0.85) | −1.56 (1.22) | −0.87 (0.85) | < 0.001 |
| Diffusion MRI Measures | ||||
| Whole brain FA | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.052 |
| SNR | 39.12 (5.02) | 37.54 (5.32) | 38.21 (5.57) | 0.229 |
| Relative Motion Displacement (mm) | 0.30 (0.12) | 0.33 (0.16) | 0.26 (0.09) | 0.060 |
Abbreviations: TD = typically developing, DLD = developmental language disorder, HSL = history of speech-language problems, FA = fractional anisotropy, SNR = Signal-to-Noise Ratio, a.u. = arbitrary units for factor scores. Note: p-values reported on group differences with One-Way ANOVA and Chi-square tests.