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. 2023 Apr 29;87(2):267–292. doi: 10.1093/poq/nfad013

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American Association for Public Opinion Research.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 1. — Reanalysis of Pennycook and Rand (2019) Study 2. Panel (A) plots the original results, according to which Republicans are slightly less truth-discerning. Panel (B) shows the distribution of asymmetries (average discernment of Republicans minus average discernment of Democrats) when randomly subsampling headlines 500 times, maintaining the balance of true/false and pro-Clinton/pro-Trump headlines. Negative values indicate greater discernment among Democrats. Subsamples for which two-way ANOVA is significant (p < .05) in dark.