Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Participants
| AUD cohort (n = 401) | AUD sub-cohort (n = 123) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High BMI (n = 240) | Low BMI (n = 161) | Test Statistics T-test or, Mann-Whitney for continuous/Chi-square for categorical variables |
High BMI (n = 71) | Low BMI (n = 52) | Test Statistics T-test or, Mann-Whitney for continuous/Chi-square for categorical variables |
|
| Age (years) (mean ± SD) | 47.9 ± 11.3 | 43.7 ± 11.3 | p < 0.001 | 45.4 ± 11.2 | 43.5 ± 10.6 | p = 0.33 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Males n (%) | 163 (67.9%) |
106 (65.8%) |
χ2 = 0.19; df = 1; p = 0.66 | 54 (76.1%) |
30 (56.6%) |
χ2 = 5.25; df = 1; p = 0.02 |
| Females n (%) | 77 (32.1%) |
55 (34.2%) |
17 (23.9%) |
23 (43.4%) |
||
| Years of Education | 13.7 ± 2.8 | 13.6 ± 3.1 | p = 0.78 | 13.4 ± 2.9 | 13.4 ± 2.5 | p = 0.94 |
| Household Income (Median) | 30K-39 999 |
30K-39 999 |
30K-39 999 |
30K-39 999 |
||
| Total drinks last 7 days | 92.42 ± 67.02 | 100.63 ± 88.27 | p = 0.29 | 91.83 ± 64.87 | 87.28 ± 68.50 | p = 0.74 |
| Alcohol Dependence Score | 21.22 ± 8.36 | 21.93 ± 8.58 | p = 0.41 | 21.52 ± 7.98 | 22.73 ± 8.43 | p = 0.41 |
| Age First Drink [years (mean ± SD)] | 14.76 ± 4.00 | 14.79 ± 5.24 | p = 0.94 | 14.64 ± 3.64 | 14.56 ± 4.64 | p = 0.91 |
| Age of AUD Onset [years (mean ± SD)] | 28.7 ± 10.59 | 27.3 ± 10.03 | p = 0.21 | 25.95 ± 9.10 | 27.64 ± 9.08 | p = 0.33 |
| Length of AUD history | 19.26 ± 11.95 | 16.38 ± 10.95 | p = 0.02 | 19.08 ± 11.84 | 15.79 ± 9.23 | p = 0.19 |
| (mean ± SD) | ||||||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Yes, n (%) | 131 (54.6%) |
125 (77.6%) |
χ2 = 22.19; df = 1;p < 0.001 | 42 (59.2%) |
36 (67.9%) |
χ2 = 1.0; df = 1; p = 0.32 |
| No, n (%) | 109 (45.4%) |
36 (22.4%) |
29 (40.8%) |
17 (32.1%) |
||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
| Non-Hispanic or Latino | 214 (89.2%) |
143 (88.8%) |
χ2 = 2.26; df = 2; p = 0.32 | 61 (85.9%) |
48 (90.6%) |
χ2 = 0.62; df = 2; p = 0.73 |
| Hispanic or Latino | 20 (8.3%) |
10 (6.2%) |
8 (11.3%) |
4 (7.5%) |
||
| Unknown/not reported | 6 (2.5%) |
8 (4.9%) |
2 (2.8%) |
1 (1.9%) |
||
| Race, n (%) | ||||||
| White | 127 (52.9%) |
78 (48.4%) |
χ2 = 5.31; df = 5; p = 0.38 | 37 (52.1%) |
30 (56.6%) |
χ2 = 2.89; df = 5; p = 0.71 |
| Black/African American | 83 (34.6%) |
63 (39.1%) |
21 (29.6%) |
15 (28.3%) |
||
| Asian | 3 (1.3%) |
5 (3.1%) |
1 (1.4%) |
0 | ||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 4 (1.7%) |
0 | 1 (1.4%) |
0 | ||
| Multiracial | 7 (2.9%) |
5 (3.1%) |
4 (5.6%) |
5 (9.4%) |
||
| Unknown Race |
16 (6.7%) |
10 (6.2%) |
7 (9.9%) |
3 (5.7%) |
||
| ELS events (Median; IQR) |
3; 5 | 3; 5 | 2; 4 | 3; 5 | ||
Note: AUD cohort: NIAAA AUD inpatient treatment seekers; AUD sub-cohort: AUD inpatients who underwent resting state functional MRI;
NA: not available; Household Income: <$10,000 = 1, $10K–$19,999 = 2, $20K–$29,999 = 3, $30K–$39,999 = 4, $40K–$49,999 = 5, $50K–$74,999 = 6, $75K–$99,999 = 7, >=$100 000 = 8; length of AUD history (difference in age of AUD onset and current age). Here, * represents statistical significance with p value < 0.05; only white and black populations were included for chi-square analysis for racial differences.