Table 2.

Summary of Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Racial and Ethnic Minority Youth—A Guide for Practitioners

1. Mechanisms underlying disparities in mental health outcomes among racial and ethnic minority youth
Socioeconomic status Exposure to childhood adversities	Neighborhood-level stressors Family structure	Practitioners’ implicit bias Practitioners’ limited cultural competence
2. Protective mechanisms underlying youths’ mental health outcomes
Positive home and school environments Stable parental mental health	High levels of social support and religious and community involvement	Positive racial and ethnic identity
3. Determinants of mental health care use for racial and ethnic minority youth
Individual factors Practical barriers	Attitudes and beliefs Systemic barriers	Type of mental health problem Role of adult gatekeepers
4. Role of practitioners within clinical encounter
Culturally grounded clinical practice Cultural humility Reflection on worldview Multicultural clinical guidelines Cultural competence Reflection on worldview Multicultural clinical guidelines Cultural competence	Consideration of individual’s context Ecomaps Culturagram Consideration of intersecting identities Client engagement Establishing a receptive environment Encouraging participation school/community forums	Practice motivational interviewing Assessing barriers to treatment Fostering a strong, culturally sensitive alliance Explanation and education about treatment processes
5. Role of practitioners outside of the clinical encounter
Organizational self-assessment and change	Outreach, collaboration, and engagement with the community