Table 4.

Summary three-level logistic regression models, high psychological complaints

	Boys
	Sample size			Model B country-year-level estimates			Model fit change relative to Model A				Predicted country proportions of high psychological complaints by values of predictors
	i	t	c	B	SE	p	∆AIC	∆BIC	∆deviance	p	−2 SDa	−1 SD	0	+ 1SD	+ 2SD
Model 1B: Proportion with schoolwork pressure	294,426	188	43	0.794	0.229	0.001	−6.574	14.612	−10.574	0.005	0.1360	0.1404	0.1449	0.1496	0.1543
Model 2B: Living with both parents	291,338	186	43	−0.968	0.249	<0.001	−2.675	18.490	−6.675	0.036	0.1549	0.1497	0.1446	0.1396	0.1348
Model 3B: Average time spent on internet use	131,287	81	31	0.240	0.060	<0.001	−9.969	9.601	−13.969	0.001	0.1313	0.1439	0.1574	0.1720	0.1875
Model 4B: Proportion with obesity	294,426	188	43	2.701	0.310	<0.001	−6.190	14.996	−10.190	0.006	0.1375	0.1415	0.1457	0.1499	0.1543

	Girls
	Sample size			Model B country-year-level estimates			Model fit change relative to Model A				Predicted country proportions of high psychological complaints by values of predictors
	i	t	c	B	SE	p	∆AIC	∆BIC	∆deviance	p	−2 SDb	−1 SD	0	+ 1SD	+ 2SD
Model 1B: Proportion with schoolwork pressure	315,881	188	43	1.515	0.201	<0.001	−31.782	−10.455	−35.782	<0.001	0.2373	0.2544	0.2723	0.2910	0.3105
Model 2B: Living with both parents	312,667	186	43	−1.160	0.293	<0.001	−1.674	19.631	−5.674	0.059	0.2889	0.2800	0.2712	0.2626	0.2542
Model 3B: Average time spent on internet use	139,081	81	31	0.363	0.049	<0.001	−32.599	−12.913	−36.599	<0.001	0.2256	0.2617	0.3012	0.3440	0.3894
Model 4B: Proportion with obesity	315,881	188	43	12.448	0.337	<0.001	−18.598	2.729	−22.598	<0.001	0.2394	0.2561	0.2735	0.2917	0.3105

i individuals, t years within countries, c countries, B logit coefficient, SE standard error, p p-value, AIC Akaike Information Criterion, BIC Bayesian Information Criterion, SD standard deviation. All model estimates can be found in the Supplementary (Tables S1-S4)

^aCountry-year-level SDs of boys’ cluster-mean centered proportion with schoolwork pressure, proportion living with both parents, average time spent on internet use, and proportion with obesity were 0.0466, 0.0418, 0.4412, and 0.0125, respectively

^bCountry-year-level SDs of girls’ cluster-mean centered proportion with schoolwork pressure, proportion living with both parents, average time spent on internet use, and proportion with obesity were 0.0610, 0.0379, 0.5393, and 0.0072, respectively