Table 3.
Association brain metabolism within the FTD mask and behavioural symptoms, social cognition and cognitive function
| Anatomical region | Laterality | MNI coordinates | Cohen’s d | Cluster size in voxels | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| x | y | z | ||||
| Social cognition (Ekman 60 faces test) | ||||||
| Temporal cortex | ||||||
| Inferior temporal gyrus | Right | 48 | − 4 | − 38 | 0.98 | 941 |
| Temporal pole | Left | − 48 | 12 | − 34 | 0.88 | 519 |
| Fusiform gyrus | Left | − 40 | − 36 | − 24 | 0.75 | 26 |
| Medial temporal gyrus | Right | 62 | − 26 | − 4 | 0.75 | 89 |
| Dorsal ACC | Bilateral | 2 | 42 | − 10 | 0.77 | 140 |
| dlPFC | Right | 10 | − 30 | 46 | 0.72 | 15 |
| OFC | Right | 2 | 42 | − 8 | 0.67 | 66 |
| Motor cortex | Left | − 26 | − 4 | 56 | 0.72 | 15 |
| Compulsiveness | ||||||
| dlPFC | Right | 4 | 18 | 52 | 0.64 | 129 |
| Executive function and language | ||||||
| Letterfluency D-A-T | ||||||
| PFC^ | Right | 10 | 68 | 14 | 0.57 | 321 |
| Motor cortex | Left | − 10 | 26 | 62 | 0.50 | 26 |
| Animal fluency | ||||||
| PFC | Right | 2 | 46 | 16 | 0.54 | 65 |
| Temporal pole | Left | − 60 | 4 | − 22 | 0.50 | 26 |
| Colour-word interference | ||||||
| Thalamus | Left | − 6 | – 18 | 2 | 0.44 | 10 |
Significance was set at P < .001, cluster size k > 10, FWE-uncorrected. Analysis for social cognition and compulsiveness were adjusted for age, sex and type of scanner. Analysis for executive function and language were adjusted for age, sex, education and type of scanner
ACC anterior cingulate cortex, dlPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, OFC orbitofrontal cortex, MNI Montreal Neurological Institute
^Anterior part of PFC. The Cohen’s d was calculated based upon the sample size and SPM-derived T values, while using the following formula: Cohen’s d = t/[N]1/2. Interpretation of the effect size of Cohen’s d are as follows: 0.2 = small effect. 0.5 = moderate effect. 0.8 = large effect. Overview of patients included per test based on available data: social cognition (Ekman 60 faces test): bvFTD: 11/28; PPD: 18/35. There were no differences regarding demographics, clinical data and cognitive performance between the samples with and without missing data. Compulsiveness (SRI): bvFTD 14/28; PPD 27/35. Executive function and language: Letterfluency D-A-T: bvFTD 25/28; PPD 26/35. Animal fluency: bvFTD 25/28; PPD 27/35; controls: 8/16. Colour-word interference: bvFTD 24/28; PPD 26/35; controls 7/16. Yielded no correlations with brain metabolism, thus not shown in Table 3: mental flexibility (TMTB): bvFTD 25/28; PPD 27/35; controls 8/16. Severity of depressive symptoms (MADRS): bvFTD 14/28; PPD: 27/35