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. 2023 Jul 26;13:12119. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39030-8

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of N addition on C/N (a), C/P (b) and N/P (c) of three-layer soils. Note: 1. The C/N, C/P and N/P refer to carbon–nitrogen ratio, carbon-phosphorus ratio and nitrogen-phosphorus ratio of three-layer soils of non-rhizosphere respectively. 2. Different lowercase letters above the bars on same layer represent significant differences among different treatments at P < 0.05 level. 3. The note below are the same.