Table 3.

Descriptive statistics for Germany

Variable	Internalizing problems (N = 1614)				Externalizing problems (N = 1039)
	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max	Mean	Std. Dev.	Min	Max
Internalizing/externalizing problems at W1	1.06	0.57	0	3	0.46	0.36	0	1.91
Internalizing/externalizing problems at W2	1.06	0.60	0	3	0.49	0.43	0	3
Change in heritage language frequency	−0.04	0.70	−3	3	−0.02	0.67	−3	3
Frequency of heritage language use at W1	1.53	1.22	0	3	1.55	1.21	0	3
Frequency of heritage language use at W2	1.49	1.21	0	3	1.53	1.20	0	3
Age at W1	14.78	0.75	13	17	14.79	0.74	13	17
Female	0.50	0.50	0	1	0.50	0.50	0	1
Immigrant generation
1st generation	0.17	0.38	0	1	0.17	0.38	0	1
2nd generation	0.62	0.49	0	1	0.64	0.48	0	1
3rd generation	0.21	0.41	0	1	0.19	0.40	0	1
Country of origin
Southern and Other Europe (incl. Greece)	0.10	0.30	0	1	0.09	0.29	0	1
Turkey	0.27	0.44	0	1	0.28	0.45	0	1
Former Soviet Union	0.13	0.33	0	1	0.13	0.33	0	1
Poland	0.11	0.31	0	1	0.11	0.32	0	1
Former Yugoslavia	0.07	0.26	0	1	0.06	0.25	0	1
Asia	0.08	0.27	0	1	0.09	0.28	0	1
Italy	0.06	0.24	0	1	0.06	0.23	0	1
Eastern Europe	0.06	0.23	0	1	0.05	0.21	0	1
Northern and Other Africa (incl. Lebanon)	0.06	0.23	0	1	0.05	0.22	0	1
Northern and Latin America	0.03	0.17	0	1	0.03	0.17	0	1
Unknown country of origin	0.04	0.21	0	1	0.05	0.21	0	1
Family cohesion (centered)	0.00	0.55	−2.03	0.97	0.00	0.55	−2.03	0.97
Parental warmth (centered)	0.00	0.72	−2.83	1.17	0.00	0.74	−2.81	1.19
Parental monitoring (centered)	0.00	0.93	−2.17	1.83	0.00	0.94	−2.16	1.84
Stratum (immigrant proportion)
0–10%	0.11	0.31	0	1	0.12	0.33	0	1
10–30%	0.31	0.46	0	1	0.24	0.42	0	1
30–60%	0.28	0.45	0	1	0.33	0.47	0	1
60–100%	0.31	0.46	0	1	0.31	0.46	0	1