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. 2023 Jul 26;13:12137. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39369-y

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Immunofluorescence staining of α-SMA in quiescent and activated human induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiac fibroblasts (hiPSC-cFbs). (a) Quiescent hiPSC-cFbs generated through culture for 2 weeks in the presence of SB435142 were treated with TGF-β. The effect of withdrawal of SB435142 (SB) was assessed. (b) Activated hiPSC-cFbs generated through culture for 2 weeks in the absence of SB435142 were also treated with TGF-β. In addition, the effect of TGF-β receptor inhibition with SD208, and SB435142 (SB) re-introduction was assessed. Data presented as percentage of cells displaying α-SMA expression by immunofluorescence. Scale bar 100 µm. Data presented as mean ± S.E.M. N = 3 plates, 18 wells, nested one-way ANOVA compared with control.