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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Apr 12;75(10):2096–2106. doi: 10.1002/acr.25093

Table 2.

Systemic lupus erythematosus disease manifestations and prescribed medications by sex, n (%)1

Males
(n=126)
Females
(n=1336)
P values
Cardiovascular disease manifestations
Any cardiovascular event 2 58 (46) 442 (33) 0.005 §
Myocardial infarction 22 (18) 102 (8) <0.001§,
Coronary artery disease with or without angina 41 (33) 292 (22) 0.009§
Limb claudication ≤20 (≤16) ≤20 (≤1.5) N/A
Congestive heart failure 25 (20) 188 (14) 0.10
Peripheral arterial disease ≤20 (≤16) 47 (4) N/A
Stroke ≤20 (≤16) 77 (6) N/A
Other organ-specific manifestations
Lupus nephritis 31 (25) 235 (18) 0.07
End-stage renal disease ≤20 (≤16) 70 (5) N/A
Antiphospholipid syndrome 24 (19) 172 (13) 0.07
Lupus pericarditis ≤20 (≤16) 56 (4) N/A
Lupus lung disease ≤20 (≤16) 47 (4) N/A
Raynaud’s phenomenon ≤20 (≤16) 241 (18) N/A
SLE medication: Ever prescribed 3
Mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid 40 (32) 328 (25) 0.09
Azathioprine ≤20 (≤16) 253 (19) N/A
Cyclophosphamide (oral or intravenous) ≤20 (≤16) 45 (3) N/A
Methotrexate 29 (23) 324 (24) 0.84
Tacrolimus ≤20 (≤16) 157 (12) N/A
Rituximab ≤20 (≤16) 84 (6) N/A
Belimumab ≤20 (≤16) 108 (8) N/A

SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; N/A: not applicable

§

Designates statistical significance at alpha level 0.05

Designates statistical significance at Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of 0.002 (25 simultaneous tests)

1

Data summarized as n (%); according to the All of Us Research Program data and statistics dissemination policy, cell values and aggregate statistics that correspond to 1 to 20 participants are obscured to protect participant privacy. In these cases, P values are designated as N/A.

2

Any cardiovascular event includes myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease with or without angina, limb claudication, congestive heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, stroke, undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, or undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

3

Participant was considered to have ever been prescribed a specific medication or class if there was a past or current prescription documented in the electronic health record for that medication