Table 3.

Hazard ratios (HRs) of ESRD in SLE patients with DM, stratified according to age at baseline, sex, education category at baseline, and hypertension^*

	HR	95% CI
Overall, multivariable-adjusted†	3.3	1.8–6.2
Overall, including adjustment for hypertension†	3.3	1.8–6.1
Age at baseline‡
≥50 years	4.0	1.8–9.0
<50 years	2.6	0.99–6.7
Sex§
Male	3.3	1.2–8.9
Female	3.2	1.4–7.2
Educational level at baseline¶
Primary and lower secondary	3.8	1.7–8.4
Upper secondary and higher	2.2	0.8–6.5
Hypertension at baseline or prior to incident DM#
Yes	4.9	2.1–11.3
No	2.2	0.9–5.9

^*Diabetes mellitus (DM) is time dependent; hypertension is time dependent when adjusting. 95% CI = 95% confidence interval; ESRD = end-stage renal disease; SLE = systemic lupus erythematosus.

^†Adjusted for sex, age, education, and occupational status at baseline.

^‡Adjusted for sex, education, and occupational status at baseline.

^§Adjusted for age, education, and occupational status at baseline.

^¶Patients with unknown or missing educational level excluded (n = 118). Adjusted for sex, age, and occupational status at baseline.

^#Hypertension was not time dependent in this stratum. Adjusted for sex, age, education, and occupational status at baseline.