Table (A.4).
Association between GEOs and livelihood diversification (n = 260).
| Livelihood diversification | Nearby villages (120) |
95% C. I (Near) |
Distant Villages (140) |
95% C. I (Distant) |
Chi-square | P-value | Phi | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower bound | Upper bound | Lower bound | Upper bound | ||||||
| (%) | (%) | ||||||||
| Farming | 81.5 | .141 | .489 | 87.2 | −.489 | −.141 | 10.381*** | .001 | .200 |
| Fishing | 68.1 | .068 | .340 | 82.3 | −.340 | −.068 | 7.090*** | .008 | .165 |
| Salaried employment | 7.6 | −.043 | .349 | 11.3 | −.349 | .043 | 1.064 | .302 | .064 |
| Investor farm wage labour | 7.6 | −.099 | .330 | 8.5 | −.330 | .099 | .078 | .780 | .017 |
| Farm wage labour | 9.2 | .215 | .502 | 28.4 | −.502 | −.215 | 14.970*** | .000 | .240 |
| Carpentry and welding | 3.4 | −.081 | .402 | 8.5 | −.402 | .081 | 2.963* | .085 | .107 |
| Making bricks | 3.4 | .023 | .468 | 9.9 | −.468 | −.023 | 4.320** | .038 | .129 |
| Bicycle/motorbike repair | 5.9 | −.106 | .320 | 9.9 | −.320 | .106 | 1.423 | .233 | .074 |
| Motor-bike transport | 4.2 | −.179 | .328 | 6.4 | −.328 | .179 | .603 | .438 | .048 |
| Sea-shells collection | 5.0 | −.116 | .394 | 11.3 | −.394 | .116 | 3.313* | .069 | .113 |
| Charcoaling | 5.9 | −.060 | .357 | 9.9 | −.357 | .060 | 1.423 | .233 | .074 |
| Dishwashing | 5.9 | −.060 | .353 | 6.4 | −.353 | .060 | .028 | .867 | .010 |
| Mechanical and driving | 3.4 | −.236 | .315 | 5.7 | −.315 | .236 | .784 | .376 | .055 |
| Housekeeping | 5.0 | −.100 | .440 | 7.1 | −.440 | .100 | .470 | .493 | .043 |
| Machine Operator | 3.4 | −.096 | .378 | 5.7 | −.378 | .096 | .784 | .376 | .055 |
| Boat driving | 8.4 | −.184 | .446 | 21.3 | −.446 | .184 | 8.215*** | .004 | .178 |
| Food vendor | 5.0 | .127 | .443 | 7.8 | −.443 | −.127 | .804 | .370 | .056 |
| Petty business | 6.7 | −.205 | .270 | 11.3 | −.270 | .205 | 1.647 | .199 | .080 |
| Brewing local beer | 3.4 | −.131 | .272 | 7.1 | −.272 | .131 | 1.763 | .184 | .082 |
| Crop business | 21.0 | .021 | .280 | 32.6 | −.280 | −.021 | 4.386** | .036 | .130 |
| Security Guide | 5.0 | −.122 | .327 | .5 | −.327 | .122 | .205 | .272 | .068 |
*Phi-statistics are interpreted as follows: 0 to 0.11 indicates a weak association, 0.11 to 0.30 indicates a moderate association, and 0.31 and higher indicates a significant association (Healey, 2013). Statistically significant values are indicated by the symbols *, **, and ***, respectively, at p 0.05, p 0.01 and p 0.001 respectively.