Table 2.
Results of confirmatory factor analysis.
| Construct | Loading | CA | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infrastructure and urban development | ||||
| 1. CPEC development will enhance the beauty of the community. | 0.872 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.73 |
| 2. CPEC development will improve shopping facilities. | 0.869 | |||
| 3 CPEC development will increase recreational opportunities. | 0.825 | |||
| 4 CPEC development will improve facilities (e.g. education, hospital, markets) | 0.845 | |||
| 5. CPEC development will increase accommodation facilities (e.g. hotels, guest houses). | 0.887 | |||
| 6. CPEC development will accelerate the development of general tourism infrastructure. | 0.833 | |||
| Community visibility and image enhancement | ||||
| 1. CPEC development will increase opportunity to inform hosting community in the world. | 0.787 | 0.85 | 0.88 | 0.60 |
| 2 CPEC development will increase opportunity to inform hosting community in world. | 0.678 | |||
| 3 CPEC development will enhance beauty of the region. | 0.775 | |||
| 4 CPEC development will improve the image of Pakistan in the world. | 0.830 | |||
| 5 CPEC development will enhance international recognition of hosting community. | 0.795 | |||
| Traffic Problem | ||||
| 1. CPEC development results in traffic congestion. | 0.835 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.70 |
| 2.CPEC development will increase hardship for finding parking spaces. | 0.710 | |||
| 3 CPEC development will increase problems for using public Transportations. | 0.874 | |||
| 4 CPEC development will damage the local road due to increase in traffic. | 0.870 | |||
| 5 CPEC development will increase road closures/disruption. | 0.888 | |||
| Environmental Concern | ||||
| 1. CPEC development will increase the amount of litter and waste | 0.913 | 0.83 | 0.89 | 0.67 |
| 2. CPEC development will increase air pollution. | 0.720 | |||
| 3. CPEC development will increase noise levels. | 0.772 | |||
| 4. CPEC development will increase the urban development will be negatively affected long-term. | 0.862 | |||
| Overall Attitude | ||||
| 1. In general, the advantages resulting from CPEC development outweigh the disadvantages for the local residents in the region. | 0.828 | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.64 |
| 2. Generally, I am open to further CPEC development. | 0.769 | |||
| Support for tourism development | ||||
| 1. CPEC development will provide nature-based development (e.g., ski, camping area, park, climbing, etc.) | 0.917 | 0.90 | 0.92 | 0.71 |
| 2. CPEC development attracts large number of tourists all around the world. | 0.783 | |||
| 3. CPEC development will provide cultural or historic-based attractions (e.g., museum, palace, folk village, historic site, etc.) | 0.903 | |||
| 4. CPEC development will provide event/outdoor programs (e.g. Recreation facilities, exhibition, performance, sport event, business/public event, etc.) | 0.845 | |||
| 5. CPEC development will provide supporting service development for tourists (e.g., hotel, travel agency, restaurant, entertainment, souvenir center, etc.) | 0.746 | |||
| Economic Benefit | ||||
| 1. CPEC will create more jobs for the area. | 0.796 | 0.92 | 0.94 | 0.73 |
| 2. CPEC will make the economy strong. | 0.901 | |||
| 3. CPEC lead to more investment in the area. | 0.929 | |||
| 4. CPEC will improve living standard of the native people. | 0.846 | |||
| 5. CPEC will increase goods and services prices. | 0.809 | |||
| 6. CPEC will create economic profits and businesses for native people | 0.851 | |||
Note: CA = Cronbach's alpha; CR = composite reliability; AVE = average variance extracted.