Table 7.
Different AOPs studies in PNG degradation.
| AOPs process | Results | Ref |
|---|---|---|
| CoFe2O4@CuS nanocomposite Synthesized and photocatalytic degradation of PG | Nanocomposite images obtained by SEM and TEM indicate that its size is less than 100 nm. Photocatalytic degradation of PG resulted in the maximum degradation of PG of 70.7% (pH = 5, nanocomposite dose of 0.2 g/L, PG concentration of 10 mg/L, and contact time of 120 min). Moreover, the photocatalytic reaction exhibited a pseudo-first-order kinetic behavior. Further, no significant decrease in catalyst efficiency was observed after five consecutive runs. | Kamranifar [1] |
| MMO-Ti/RuO2IrO2 anode made and Photoelectrolysis process to PG removal | As a result of photo-electrolysis, the toxicity and antibiotic effect on urine of the bacteria were reduced. | Gonzaga [65] |
| Fenton-like degradation of penicillin G | A Fenton-like reaction was found to degrade Penicillin G depending on pH, FeSO4 and CaO2. | Nisapai [66] |
| Heat-activated/PMS degradation of PNG in solutions | At pH = 5, the maximum removal rate of PNG was obtained and the decomposition of PNG was enhanced by increasing SPS doses from 0.05 to 0.5 mM. | Norzaee [67] |
| Photocatalytic degradation of Penicillin G (PG) | PG can be completely degraded by PPS at 500 mg L−1. Study results validated the safety and efficiency of the implemented system via Bacillus subtilis, which has demonstrated significant activity. It is highly efficient, low cost, and provides facilities benefits. | Berkani [7] |
| Synthesis and Characterizations of rGO/Fe0/Fe3O4/TiO2 Nanocomposite and Optimization of Photocatalytic Process in the Degradation of Penicillin G | The quadratic model of optimization is based on adjusted R2(0.99), and predicated R2(0.97) suggested. According to the ANOVA test, the model was significant (F-Value = 162.95, P-Value = 0.0001). The optimum condition of PCP obtained at pH = 6.5, catalyst dose = 18.5 mg/L, reaction time = 59.1 min, and PNG concentration = 52 mg/L (efficiency = 96%). The COD and TOC decrease were 78, and 65%. The photolysis and adsorption mechanism as a single mechanism had lower performance in PNG degradation. BQ had the greatest effect on reducing the efficiency of the process as a radical scavenger. The °OH, h+ and O2●– were the main ROS in PNG removal. Phenoxyacetaldehyde, Acetanilide, Diacetamate, Phenylalanylglycine, N-Acetyl-l-phenylalanine, Diformyldapsone, and Succisulfone were the main intermediates in PNG degradation. | This study |