Table 4.
Multivariable analysis of determinants in pregnant women attending ANC and delivery services in public hospitals of Bahir Dar city, northwest Ethiopia, 2021.
| Variables | Cases, n (%) | Controls, n (%) | COR at 95% CI | AOR at 95% CI | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||||
| <35 | 136 (80.9) | 149 (88.7) | 1 | 1 | 0.261 |
| ≥35 | 32 (19.1) | 19 (11.3) | 1.85 (1.00, 3.41) | 1.64 (0.69, 3.91) | |
| Parity | |||||
| Primiparous | 84 (50) | 66 (39.3) | 1.47 (0.96, 2.27) | 3.19 (1.71, 5.97) | <0.001** |
| Multiparous | 84 (50) | 102 (60.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Family history of HTN | |||||
| Yes | 34 (20.2) | 13 (7.7) | 3.03 (1.53, 5.97) | 4.14 (1.71, 10.05) | 0.002** |
| No | 134 (79.8) | 155 (92.3) | 1 | 1 | |
| Family history of twin pregnancy | |||||
| Yes | 39 (23.2) | 24 (14.3) | 1.81 (1.04, 3.18) | 1.40 (0.68, 2.90) | 0.362 |
| No | 129 (76.8) | 144 (85.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Previous history of PE | |||||
| Yes | 21 (12.5) | 5 (3) | 4.66 (1.75, 12.67) | 7.97 (2.42, 26.26) | 0.001** |
| No | 147 (87.5) | 163 (97) | 1 | 1 | |
| Family history of PE | |||||
| Yes | 14 (8.3) | 2 (1.2) | 7.55 (1.69, 33.74) | 2.43 (0.47, 12.59) | 0.291 |
| No | 154 (91.7) | 166 (98.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| Desire of the current pregnancy | |||||
| Wanted | 148 (88.1) | 159 (94.6) | 1 | 1 | 0.794 |
| Unwanted | 20 (11.9) | 9 (5.4) | 2.39 (1.05, 5.41) | 1.15 (0.41, 3.21) | |
| New partner in the past 6 months | |||||
| Yes | 10 (6) | 3 (1.8) | 3.48 (0.94, 12.88) | 2.54 (0.61, 10.65) | 0.203 |
| No | 158 (94) | 165 (98.2) | 1 | 1 | |
| ANC visit | |||||
| Completed | 61 (36.3) | 113 (67.3) | 1 | 1 | <0.001** |
| Not completed | 107 (63.7) | 55 (32.7) | 3.60 (2.30, 5.65) | 5.43 (2.86, 10.33) | |
| Nutritional counseling | |||||
| Yes | 104 (61.9) | 128 (76.2) | 1 | 1 | 0.485 |
| No | 64 (38.1) | 40 (23.8) | 1.97 (1.23, 3.16) | 1.24 (0.68, 2.29) | |
| Iron/folate intake | |||||
| Yes | 132 (78.6) | 162 (96.4) | 1 | 1 | 0.004** |
| No | 36 (21.4) | 6 (3.6) | 7.36 (3.01, 18.01) | 4.46 (1.59, 12.48) | |
| History of UTI | |||||
| Yes | 16 (9.5) | 4 (2.4) | 4.32 (1.41, 13.20) | 2.05 (0.56, 7.55) | 0.278 |
| No | 152 (90.5) | 164 (97.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| Fruits intake | |||||
| Yes | 77 (45.8) | 112 (66.7) | 1 | 1 | 0.388 |
| No | 91 (54.2) | 56 (33.3) | 2.36 (1.52, 3.68) | 1.30 (0.72, 2.37) | |
| Vegetables intake | |||||
| Yes | 104 (61.9) | 131 (78) | 1 | 1 | 0.030* |
| No | 64 (38.1) | 37 (22) | 2.18 (1.35, 3.52) | 1.99 (1.07, 3.69) | |
| Meat intake | |||||
| Yes | 58 (34.5) | 98 (58.3) | 1 | 1 | 0.278 |
| No | 110 (65.5) | 70 (41.7) | 2.66 (1.71, 4.13) | 1.43 (0.75, 2.71) | |
| Milk, milk product, and egg intake | |||||
| Yes | 40 (23.8) | 83 (49.4) | 1 | 1 | 0.003** |
| No | 128 (76.2) | 85 (50.6) | 3.13 (1.96, 4.98) | 3.00 (1.47, 6.11) | |
| BMI | |||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 103 (61.3) | 121 (72) | 1 | 1 | <0.001* |
| ≥25 kg/m2 | 65 (38.7) | 47 (28) | 1.63 (1.03, 2.57) | 3.47 (1.78, 6.77) |
Abbreviations: ANC, antenatal care; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; COR, crude odds ratio; HTN, hypertension; kg/m2, kilogram per meter square; PE, pre‐eclampsia; UTI, urinary tract infection.