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. 2023 Jul 13;9(7):e18066. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18066

Table 2.

Variable description in the multinomial treatment effect model.

Variable Description Measurement
Household size (Z1) The total number of people in a household Number
Year (Z2) Period data was taken Dummy (0 = 2010; 1 = 2014)
Age (Z3) Age of farmer in years Years
Education (Z4) Whether a farmer had had formal education or not Dummy (0 = no; 1 = yes)
Gender (Z5) Sex of the farmer Dummy (0 = female; 1 = male)
Agricultural information (Z6) Access to agricultural information which served as the instrumental variable for the model Dummy (0 = yes; 0 = no)
Household asset (Z7) The value of assets owned by the household Value (GHS)
Productivity (Z8) Yield of farmers Kilogram per hectare (kg/ha)
Market (A1) Farmer's linkage with market actors side farm gate Dummy (1 = yes; 0 = no)
Financial service (A2) Farmer's access to financial services Dummy (1 = yes; 0 = no)
Policy support (A3) Farmer's access to government's fertilizer subsidy and cocoa mass spraying programmes Dummy (1 = yes; 0 = no)
Farmer Based Organisation (FBO) (A4) Farmer's membership and interaction in an FBO Dummy (1 = yes; 0 = no)
Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO) (A5) Farmer's interaction with NGOs Dummy (1 = yes; 0 = no)
Extension (A6) Farmer's interaction with extension agents Dummy (1 = yes; 0 = no)
AIS (N) The intensity of farmers interaction with actors in the AIS. Count (0 = none (lowest); 1 = one actor (lower); 2 = two actors (low); 3 (medium) = three actors; 4 = four actors (high); 5 = five actors (higher); 6 = all six actors (highest)