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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Perinat Neonatal Nurs. 2023 Jul-Sep;37(3):214–222. doi: 10.1097/JPN.0000000000000670

Table 2.

TGCS Results Across 12 Sites (N=228,438)

Site A B C D E F G H I J K L
Births (n) 20,779 50,320 12,637 6,420 7,877 20,329 14,667 27,869 7,749 23,141 18,392 18,258
Cesarean Births (%) 20.5 22.0 23.6 24.2 25.4 28.8 28.8 31.6 34.6 34.9 35.0 44.3

Group 1
≥37wks
Nulliparous
Singleton
Cephalic
Spontaneous
Labor
Group Sizea (%) 21.1 20.6 21.1 12.1 23.6 23.0 17.5 18.9 19.5 13.0 12.4 6.5
Cesarean Rateb (%) 15.0 15.8 13.0 12.2 17.1 17.5 18.4 20.3 22.0 16.0 18.0 27.5
Contribution to overall ratec (%) 3.2 3.3 2.3 1.5 4.0 4.0 3.2 3.8 4.3 2.1 2.2 1.8

2a
≥37wks
Nulliparous
Singleton
Cephalic
Induced
Labor
Group Size (%) 9.2 10.0 10.1 18.5 8.6 10.3 14.7 14.7 11.9 16.8 27.0 23.5
Cesarean Rate (%) 34.8 20.2 28.4 25.5 32.1 34.9 36.5 36.0 40.2 33.2 29.2 42.1
Contribution to overall rate (%) 3.2 2.0 2.9 4.7 2.8 3.6 5.4 5.3 4.8 5.6 7.8 9.9

2b
≥37wks
Nulliparous
Singleton
Cephalic
Prelabor Cesarean
Group Size (%) 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.3 2.0 3.7 1.9
Cesarean Rate (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Contribution to overall rate (%) 1.0 0.1 0.4 0.5 0.9 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.3 2.0 3.7 1.9

3
≥37wks
Multiparous
Singleton
Cephalic
Spontaneous
Labor
Group Size (%) 39.0 25.3 26.5 19.9 31.0 27.4 23.0 22.1 23.0 17.1 15.3 13.8
Cesarean Rate (%) 2.4 3.6 2.5 3.8 3.9 3.3 3.8 7.2 4.2 3.7 3.2 7.3
Contribution to overall rate (%) 0.9 0.9 0.7 0.8 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.6 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.0

4a
≥37wks
Multiparous
Singleton
Cephalic
Induced
Labor
Group Size (%) 9.3 21.0 9.9 17.6 10.2 9.4 18.1 14.0 12.3 15.4 15.3 17.7
Cesarean Rate (%) 7.8 2.7 10.0 5.6 4.0 7.8 5.9 9.2 7.5 7.3 6.1 16.5
Contribution to overall rate (%) 0.7 0.6 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.7 1.0 1.3 0.9 1.1 0.9 2.9

4b
≥37wks
Multiparous
Singleton
Cephalic
Prelabor
Cesarean
Group Size (%) 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.3 0.8 0.9
Cesarean Rate (%) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Contribution to overall rate (%) 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.6 1.3 0.8 0.9

5
≥ 37wks
Multiparous
Singleton
Cephalic
w/previous
Uterine scar
Group Size (%) 9.4 11.0 10.3 11.5 11.2 11.4 11.1 11.3 13.3 11.7 12.2 14.1
Cesarean Rate (%) 62.0 80.5 62.4 68.7 78.3 78.9 89.2 81.6 84.8 88.9 85.9 97.4
Contribution to overall rate (%) 5.9 8.8 6.4 7.9 8.8 9.0 9.9 9.2 11.3 10.4 10.5 13.7

6
All
Nulliparous Singleton
Breech
Group Size (%) 1.1 1.4 1.6 1.0 0.0 1.9 0.3 1.6 1.7 1.2 2.4 1.7
Cesarean Rate (%) 96.9 94.8 87.0 98.4 0.0 99.7 84.8 94.0 94.6 98.6 100 95.0
Contribution to overall rate (%) 1.1 1.3 1.4 1.0 0.0 1.9 0.3 1.5 1.6 1.2 2.4 1.7

7
All Multiparous Single
Breech incl.
w/previous Uterine scar
Group Size (%) 1.4 1.5 2.5 1.3 0.0 1.7 0.3 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.0 2.3
Cesarean Rate (%) 89.8 93.2 91.0 96.3 0.0 100 88.0 92.6 90.1 95.0 98.3 91.5
Contribution to overall rate (%) 1.2 1.4 2.3 1.2 0.0 1.7 0.3 1.7 1.4 1.5 1.0 2.1

8
All
Multiple
including
w/ previous Uterine scars
Group Size (%) 0.9 1.9 2.5 2.1 1.7 3.2 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.8 2.9 2.2
Cesarean Rate (%) 61.1 66.4 47.0 59.3 59.6 63.2 63.0 68.3 78.4 73.9 77.8 81.2
Contribution to overall rate (%) 0.5 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 1.8

9
All Singleton Transverse or oblique incl.
w/ previous Uterine scars
Group Size (%) 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.4
Cesarean Rate (%) 0.0 94.4 93.3 100 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100 98.2 0.0 98.6
Contribution to overall rate (%) 0.0 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.4

10
<37wks
Singleton
Cephalic
Incl. w/ previous Uterine scars
Group Size (%) 5.7 7.9 14.1 15.0 9.4 9.7 9.6 10.4 12.7 16.4 7.1 13.0
Cesarean Rate (%) 34.2 28.6 26.6 26.1 30.4 29.6 35.1 32.4 44.0 40.5 40.5 44.0
Contribution to overall rate (%) 1.9 2.3 3.7 4.0 2.9 2.9 3.4 3.4 5.6 6.7 2.9 5.7
*

These totals and percentages come from the data in the table.

a

Group size (%) = n of women in the group / total N women delivered in the hospital x 100

b

Group CS rate (%) = n of CS in the group / total N of women in the group x 100

c

Relative contribution (%) = n of CS in the group / total N of CS in the hospital x 10011