Table 1. Characteristics of Trauma Centers Designated Between 2014 and 2018, by For-Profit Status and Trauma Center Level.
| Trauma center characteristic | Trauma center level | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-V (All trauma centers) | I-II (With highest capacity) | III-V (With limited capacity) | |||||||
| For profit | Not for profit | P value | For profit | Not for profit | P value | For profit | Not for profit | P value | |
| Designated between 2014 and 2018, No. | 76 | 355 | NA | 13 | 45 | NA | 63 | 310 | NA |
| Charitability ratio, median (IQR)a | 0.04 (0.005-0.06) | 0.007 (0.003-0.01) | <.001 | 0.06 (0.04-0.09) | 0.01 (0.005-0.016) | <.001 | 0.02 (0.003-0.05) | 0.006 (0.003-0.01) | <.001 |
| Net income, median (IQR), in millions, $ | 13.5 (1.3-46.9) | 0.8 (−0.3-11.1) | <.001 | 67.0 (33.8-75.9) | 33.1 (40.9-74.4) | .15 | 6.2 (0.5-32.7) | 0.7 (−0.4-6.04) | <.001 |
| Injury-related mortality rate, median (IQR)b | 91.0 (71.0-106.0) | 96.7 (81.1-116.7) | .03 | 80.7 (70.3-93.7) | 77.7 (65.2-93.7) | .76 | 94.3 (73.5-107.8) | 98.9 (82.5-119.5) | .03 |
| County average household income, median (IQR), in thousands, $ | 67.0 (56.3-74.0) | 66.8 (58.1-73.2) | .90 | 71.7 (57.5-79.2) | 76.6 (65.5-88.3) | .31 | 66.0 (56.3-73.4) | 65.4 (57.0-71.2) | .65 |
| Ground transport time to existing trauma center, mean (SD), min | 20.1 (12.7) | 29.3 (15.6) | <.001 | 18.9 (11.2) | 20.9 (14.9) | .62 | 20.3 (13.1) | 30.7 (15.4) | <.001 |
| Ground transport time to existing trauma center, of same category, mean (SD), minc | 21.3 (13.0) | 29.6 (15.7) | <.001 | 22.2 (13.2) | 20.4 (14.9) | .69 | 21.1 (13.1) | 31.3 (15.3) | <.001 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
a
Charitability ratio is the ratio of hospital income spent on charitable care relative to total hospital expenses.
b
Injury-related mortality is the mean injury-related deaths per 100 000 residents in the county per year.
c
Level I-II or level III-V trauma center.