Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of sociodemographic features, mental health, and sleep characteristics by latent class
| Mean (SD) / % |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full sample | School/Screens barriers | Home/Screens barriers | Minimal barriers | High/Social barriers | Between class | |
| N = 553 | n = 345 (62.39%) | n = 85 (15.37%) | n = 71 (12.84%) | n = 52 (9.40%) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Sociodemographic features | ||||||
| Age (years) | 14.76 (1.06) | 14.82 (1.04) | 14.95 (1.22) | 14.27 (0.68) | 14.67 (1.12) | |
| Female (%) | 56.78 | 59.42a | 64.71a | 36.63b,c,d | 53.85a | ** |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White/Caucasian (%) | 30.97 | 34.21c | 17.65a,d,c | 31.41c | 30.77c | * |
| Black/African American (%) | 4.92 | 4.39 | 5.88 | 7.14 | 3.85 | |
| Asian American (%) | 24.41 | 23.37c | 36.47a,b,d | 17.14c | 19.23c | * |
| Hispanic/Latino (%) | 11.48 | 9.06a | 14.12 | 21.43b | 9.62 | * |
| Other ethnicity (%) | 1.46 | 1.75 | 0.00 | 1.43 | 1.92 | |
| More than one ethnicity (%) | 26.78 | 26.90 | 25.88 | 21.43 | 34.62 | |
| School differences | ||||||
| Community school (%) | 12.30 | 8.12a,c | 17.65c | 25.35b | 13.46 | ** |
| Comprehensive school (%) | 12.30 | 9.28a | 14.11 | 23.94b | 13.46 | ** |
| Magnet school (%) | 26.04 | 29.28a | 29.41a | 7.04b,c,d | 25.00a | *** |
| Large comprehensive school (%) | 49.37 | 53.33c | 38.82b | 43.66 | 48.08 | |
| Neighborhood stress | 1.76 (.68) | 1.65c,d (.60) | 2.09a,c (.72) | 1.51c,d (.52) | 2.26a,b (.86) | *** |
| Depressive symptoms | 1.02 (.39) | 1.01a,c,d (.36) | 1.18b,c (.39) | .75b,c,d (.30) | 1.19a,b (.42) | *** |
| Anxiety symptoms | 1.06 (.62) | 1.06b,c,d (.58) | 1.34a,c (.63) | .62a,b,d (.45) | 1.24a,c (.71) | *** |
| Sleep characteristics | ||||||
| Hours of sleep per night | 7.09 (1.21) | 7.02c (1.21) | 6.87c (1.16) | 7.75a,b,d (.90) | 6.96c (1.32) | *** |
| Poor sleep quality (%) | 41.53 | 39.36a,c,d | 60.00a,b | 19.72b,c,d | 56.00a,b | *** |
| Think sleep is important (%) | 81.60 | 84.59a,d | 82.14d | 75.36b | 69.23b,c | * |
| Parent set bedtime | .35 (.48) | .36 (.48) | .35 (.48) | .34 (.48) | .24 (.43) | |
| Parent set electronic curfew | .31 (.46) | .32a (.47) | .26c (.43) | .44b,c,d (.50) | .23a (.43) | * |
Significant between-class differences tested using ANOVA; Significant class comparisons tested using t-tests
a
Significantly different than Minimal Barriers class
b
Significantly different than School/Screens Barriers class
c
Significantly different than Home/Screens Barriers class
d
Significantly different than High/Social Barriers class
***
p < .001
**
p < .01
*
p < .05