Table 3.
Demographic Characteristics of Government-Sponsored Employment Program Participants by Job Skills Training Receipt Status, National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979.
| Basic Services (n = 1,031;74.8 %) |
Job Skills Training (n = 465; 25.2 %) |
χ2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | ||
|
| |||||
| Individual Characteristics (Baseline) | |||||
| Age | |||||
| 14–16 | 32.5 | 29.2–36.1 | 40.2 | 34.8–45.9 | 3.9* |
| 17–19 | 38.4 | 34.8–42.1 | 38.7 | 33.2–44.4 | |
| 20–22 | 29.1 | 25.6–32.8 | 21.1 | 16.4–26.8 | |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 54.6 | 50.8–58.4 | 53.3 | 47.6–59.0 | 0.1 |
| Female | 45.4 | 41.6–49.2 | 46.7 | 41.0–52.4 | |
| Race and ethnicity | |||||
| Black | 17.1 | 15.1–19.3 | 37.6 | 32.7–42.7 | 43.1*** |
| Hispanic | 9.6 | 8.4–11.0 | 10.1 | 8.1–12.5 | |
| White | 73.3 | 70.6–75.8 | 52.3 | 46.6–57.9 | |
| Highest grade completed | |||||
| 0–8 | 19.4 | 16.7–22.5 | 25.2 | 20.5–30.4 | 8.3*** |
| 9–11 | 42.2 | 38.5–45.9 | 54.0 | 48.1–59.8 | |
| 12 | 24.0 | 20.8–27.6 | 14.4 | 10.5–19.4 | |
| 13+ | 14.4 | 11.7–17.6 | 6.4 | 3.8–10.8 | |
| Employment status | |||||
| Employed | 51.9 | 48.1–55.6 | 38.5 | 31.8–43.5 | 12.0*** |
| Unemployed | 13.5 | 11.3–16.1 | 24.1 | 19.7–29.2 | |
| Not in labor force | 34.6 | 31.2–38.3 | 38.4 | 33.1–44.0 | |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 8.5 | 6.6–11.1 | 7.5 | 4.9–11.5 | 0.8 |
| Separated, divorced, or widowed | 1.2 | 0.7–2.0 | 0.5 | 0.2–1.4 | |
| Never married | 90.3 | 87.7–92.4 | 92.0 | 88.0–94.7 | |
| Health limitation | |||||
| No | 96.4 | 94.8–97.5 | 94.1 | 90.4–96.4 | 2.6 |
| Yes | 3.6 | 2.5–5.2 | 6.0 | 3.7–9.6 | |
| Family Characteristics (Baseline) | |||||
| Parents presence at age 14 | |||||
| Both parents | 92.3 | 90.2–94.0 | 92.6 | 89.2–94.9 | 0.1 |
| Single parent | 3.3 | 2.2–4.9 | 3.5 | 1.9–6.5 | |
| Other | 4.4 | 3.2–6.0 | 3.9 | 2.4–6.2 | |
| Mother’s highest grade completed | |||||
| 0–8 | 14.8 | 12.5–17.4 | 16.0 | 12.8–19.8 | 5.5** |
| 9–11 | 20.5 | 17.6–23.8 | 30.9 | 25.8–36.5 | |
| 12 | 46.1 | 42.1–50.1 | 41.9 | 35.9–48.1 | |
| 13+ | 18.6 | 15.6–22.1 | 11.3 | 7.8–16.1 | |
| Father’s highest grade completed | |||||
| 0–8 | 20.0 | 17.2–23.1 | 21.6 | 17.5–26.5 | 4.7** |
| 9–11 | 14.5 | 11.9–17.6 | 23.3 | 18.3–29.2 | |
| 12 | 38.6 | 34.7–42.7 | 37.8 | 31.6–44.5 | |
| 13+ | 26.9 | 23.3–30.9 | 17.2 | 12.5–23.3 | |
| Annual household income | |||||
| <$10,000 | 30.5 | 26.9–34.2 | 42.3 | 36.3–48.6 | 7.6*** |
| $10,000-$19,999 | 28.5 | 24.7–32.5 | 32.3 | 26.5–38.8 | |
| $20,000-$29,999 | 20.7 | 17.3–24.5 | 19.0 | 14.0–25.2 | |
| $30,000+ | 20.4 | 16.9–24.4 | 6.4 | 3.5–11.4 | |
Note. Proportions and confidence intervals were adjusted for sample weights. χ2 are corrected weighted Pearson Chi-Square statistics.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.