Table 2.
Logistic regression estimates of the association between return migration and health (ENADID 2014)
| Physical limitation | Mental or emotional distress | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| One-year | Five-year | One-year | Five-year | |
|
| ||||
| Return migrant | 0.95 | 1.16* | 0.5 | 1.1 |
| (0.23) | (0.08) | (0.53) | (0.23) | |
| Female | 0.97 *** | 0.97 ** | 1.17 *** | 1.16 *** |
| (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.03) | (0.03) | |
| Age group (ref: 15–24 years) | ||||
| 25–34 years | 1.33 *** | 1.33 *** | 1.70*** | 1.70*** |
| (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.09) | (0.09) | |
| 35–44 years | 2.25 *** | 2.25 *** | 2.50 *** | 2.47 *** |
| (0.06) | (0.06) | (0.13) | (0.13) | |
| 45–54 years | 5.00 *** | 4.99 *** | 3.27 *** | 3.24 *** |
| (0.18) | (0.18) | (0.16) | (0.16) | |
| 55–64 years | 7.67 *** | 7.67 *** | 3.34 *** | 3.34 *** |
| (0.34) | (0.34) | (0.21) | (0.20) | |
| ≥ 65 years | 17.36 *** | 17.38 *** | 5.69 *** | 5.68 *** |
| (0.92) | (0.92) | (0.30) | (0.29) | |
| Indigenous | 0.91 *** | 0.91 ** | 0.72 *** | 0.72 *** |
| (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.06) | (0.06) | |
| Educational attainment (ref: elementary) | ||||
| Some elementary education | 3.91 *** | 3.91 *** | 6.95 *** | 6.94 *** |
| (0.63) | (0.63) | (1.51) | (1.50) | |
| Secondary education | 0.75 *** | 0.75 *** | 0.63 *** | 0.63 *** |
| (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| High school or more | 0.56 *** | 0.56 *** | 0.34 *** | 0.34 *** |
| (0.01) | (0.01) | (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| Marital status (ref: single) | ||||
| Separated | 0.92 ** | 0.92 ** | 0.43 *** | 0.43 *** |
| (0.03) | (0.02) | (0.03) | (0.03) | |
| Divorced | 1.23 *** | 1.23 *** | 0.84 ** | 0.84 ** |
| (0.03) | (0.02) | (0.05) | (0.05) | |
| Widowed | 1.40 *** | 1.39 | 0.85 * | 0.85 * |
| (0.04) | (0.04) | (0.06) | (0.06) | |
| Married | 0.88 *** | 0.88 *** | 0.43 *** | 0.43 *** |
| 0.02 | (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.02) | |
| SES (ref: low) | ||||
| Mid-low | 1.10 *** | 1.09 *** | 1.21 * | 1.20 * |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.09) | (0.09) | |
| Mid-high | 1.05 | 1.04 | 1.43 ** | 1.42 *** |
| (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.12) | (0.12) | |
| High | 0.79 *** | 0.79 *** | 1.27* | 1.27* |
| (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.14) | (0.14) | |
| Locality size (ref: ≤ 2,500) | ||||
| ≥ 100,000 | 1.31 *** | 1.31 *** | 1.66 *** | 1.66 *** |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.10) | (0.10) | |
| 15,000 – 99,999 | 1.10 *** | 1.10 *** | 1.31 *** | 1.31 *** |
| (0.03) | (0.03) | (0.09) | (0.09) | |
| 2,500 – 14,999 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.15 * | 1.16 * |
| (0.02) | (0.02) | (0.07) | (0.07) | |
| Pseudo R-squared | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| N | 232,285 | 233,829 | 232,285 | 233,829 |
Results are odds ratios
*
p < 0.05
**
p < 0.01
***
p < 0.001.
Robust standard errors in parentheses to adjust for household level clustering. All models included state fixed effects