Table 4.
Studies of fatal and non-fatal injury.
| Author | Year | Data source | Geography | Sample | Age | Design | Intent | Mechanism | Results | Gradient |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||
| Individual-level studies | ||||||||||
| Martin et al. | 2012 | Vanderbilt pediatric trauma registry and Davidson Co. Medical Examiner records, 1998–2010 | Hospital/County | 201 | Children | Cross-sectional | All | Firearm injury | Incomeb (n.s.)a | Yes |
| Schecter et al. | 2012 | Trauma center medical records, 2000–2009 | Multi-hospital | 598 | Children | Cross-sectional time series | All | Penetrating injury | Incomeb (—) | No |
| Lee et al. | 2013 | Kid’s Inpatient database, 2006–2009 | National | 19,233 | Children and adolescents | Cross-sectional | All | Firearm injury | Income (—) | Yes |
| Kesler et al. | 2008 | Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare database, 1996–2002 | State | 327 | Young children | Cross-sectional | Intentional | Abusive head trauma (AHT) | Education (—) | Yes |
| Istre et al. | 2002 | EMS, Fire Department, ME and Hospital Data, Dallas, 1991–1998 | City | 76 | Children | Cross-sectional | Unintentional | Injury related to house fires | Incomeb (—) | Yes |
| Senier et al. | 2002 | Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database, 1980–1998 | Military | 28,352 | Adults | Cross-sectional | Unintentional | Fall-related injury | Education (—) Rank (—) | No |
| Ecological studies | ||||||||||
| Pomerantz et al. | 2001 | Hospital Trauma Registry, Hamilton County, Ohio, and County Coroner death records | Hospital/County | 209 tracts | Children | Cross-sectional | All | Injury requiring hospitalization or resulting in death | Tract: Education (—) Employment (—) Median household income (—) Poverty (+) | Yes |
| Williams et al. | 2003 | Medical records at two children’s hospitals, 1995 | City | 988 block groups | Children | Cross-sectional | All | Burn | Blockgroup: Deprivation (+) (spatial analysis) | No |
| Cinat et al. | 2004 | Trauma registries of Los Angeles County and Orange County, 1993–2002 | Multi-county | 2 counties | All Ages | Cohort, retrospective | All | County trauma rates | County: Number unemployed (+) Unemployment rate (+) | No |
| Anderson et al. | 2014 | Ohio Trauma Acute Care Registry, 2003–2011 | State | 984 | Young children | Cross-sectional | Intentional | Contusion, intracranial hemorrhage, skull fracture, femur fracture, burn | County: Income (—) Poverty (+) | Yes |
| Donner | 2007 | John Hart’s Severe Plot v. 2.0, 1950–2000 | National | Tracts, not specified | All ages | Cross-sectional | Unintentional | Tornado - related injury and death | Tract: Deprivation index (n.s.) | Yes |
a
n.s. refers to a non-significant relationship.
b
Indicates an area-level SES measure used to proxy individual-level SES.