Batch correction for TOPPIC-only methylation cohort. (A, C, E) QQ plots and Lambda values for the (A) TOPPIC cohort following BMIQ and quantile normalization, (C) Combat correction for Chip (21 batches), and (E) Combat correction for position on array (12 batches). (B, D, F) Multidimensional scaling plots showing the first 2 principal components (B) TOPPIC cohort following BMIQ and quantile normalization, (D) Combat correction for Chip (21 batches), and (F) Combat correction for position on array (12 batches). Inner color, between array batch; outer color, intra-array batch; triangles, technical replicates.