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. 2022 Jun 16;21(1):203–215. doi: 10.1016/j.gpb.2022.05.008

Figure 3.

Figure 3

UGT expansion and high-tannin adaptation in sika deer

Transcriptome analysis revealed that the UGT gene family was the key factor for sika deer adaptation to a high-tannin diet. A. Gene tree of UGTs in 19 species. Five out of six up-regulation significantly differentially expressed UGT genes in sika deer were in UGT2B subfamily [red genes are UGT genes in sika deer and red stars represent eight differentially expressed UGT genes (BH-adjusted P < 0.05)]. B. Number of UGT genes in 19 species and synteny analysis of UGTs in sika deer, cattle, goat, and sheep. Synteny analysis shows that 23 of 27 UGT genes are distributed in chromesome 27 and all six up-regulated differentially expressed UGT genes are distributed in chromesome 27 (red stars). The UGT genes are replicated (green dotted box and blue dotted box). And 3 up-regulated differentially expressed UGT genes are in the blue box. C. Expression heatmap of UGTs of sika deer in different tissues and treatments. The abbreviations stand for different tissues: Lvr, liver; Kdn, kydney; Jeu, jejunum; Apx, appendix; Duu, duodenum; Ieu, ileum; Rem, reticulum; Rum, rumen; Aum, abomasum; Oum, omasum; Hyp, hypothalamus; Ptu, pituitary; Ldr, longissimus dorsi; Spl, spleen; Tst, testis. y means young deer samples, m means mature deer samples. D. The overlap between 3 contracted genes (yellow background), 20 expanded genes (green background) from contracted or expanded gene families, and 12 DEGs (pink background), which all play a role in the cytochrome P450 pathway. E. Expression change of 8 DEGs in sika deer liver resulting from different treatments. A star indicates that the difference in expression between different treatments is significant (BH-adjusted P < 0.05). F. Schematic of the glucuronidation reaction, showing that six up-regulated UGT genes in the UGT2B and UGT2C subfamilies were located on sika deer chromosome 27. UDPGA, uridine 5′-diphospho-glucuronic acid; DEGs, differentially expressed genes (BH-adjusted P < 0.05); UGT, 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase; BH, Benjamini–Hochberg; FC, fold change; Chr, chromosome; G, glucuronosyl; UDP, uridine diphosphate.