Figure 6.
Genes and metabolites involved inphenylpropanoid/benzenoid biosynthesis in J. sambac
A. Phenylpropanoid/benzenoid biosynthesis pathways in J. sambac leaves and flowers based on transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Metabolite contents in FB 1 vs. FF 1, FB 2 vs. FF 2, and FB 3 vs. FF 3 were determined by UPLC–ESI–MS/MS, GC–MS (metabolites exacted from flowers in vitro), and volatile GC–MS (volatiles released from flowers on living plants), respectively. Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences in gene exptession and metabolite content between FBs and FFs. DEGs were identified based on adjusted P < 0.05 and |log2 fold change| > 1. Differentially abundant metabolites were determined based on P < 0.05 and VIP ≥ 1 for UPLC–ESI–MS/MS and GC–MS, or FDR < 0.05 for volatile metabolites detected from flowers on living plants by GC–MS. The expression levels of genes and the contents of metabolites were normalized, with red and blue indicating high and low gene expression/metabolite content, respectively. B. Phylogenetic tree of the SABATH family in plants. The 11 SABATH homologs identified in J. sambac are shown in red backgrouds. C. Expression analysis of SABATH family genes and genes of other families in J. sambac leaves and flowers. D. Expression analysis of BAHD family genes in J. sambac leaves and flowers. SABATH, salicylic acid/benzoic acid/theobromine; BAHD, benzylalcohol O-acetyltransferase/anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferases/anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyltransferase/deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase; Phe, phenylalanine; CA, cinnamic acid; PhPyr, phenylpyruvic acid; PhA, phenylacetaldehyde; PhEth, 2-phenylethanol; PEB, phenylethyl benzoate; CA-CoA, cinnamoyl-CoA; BA-CoA, benzoyl-CoA; BB, benzylbenzoate; BAld, benzaldehyde; BA, benzoic acid; MB, methylbenzoate; SA, salicylic acid; MeSA, methyl salicylate; BAlc, benzylalcohol; BAC, benzyl acetate; pCA, p-coumaric acid; ConA, coniferyl alcohol; ConAc, coniferyl acetate; Eug, eugenol; MetEug, methyl eugenol; IEug, isoeugenol; MetIEug, methyl isoeugenol; PAL, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; AAAT, aromatic amino acid aminotransferase; PAR, phenylacetaldehyde reductase; BPBT, benzoyl-CoA:benzylalcohol/2-phenylethanol benzoyltransferase; PAAS, phenylacetaldehyde synthase; CNL, cinnamoyl-CoA ligase; C4H, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; CFAT, coniferyl alcohol acetatyltransferase; EGS, eugenol synthase; IGS, isoeugenol synthase; IEMT, (iso)eugenol O-methyltransferase; BEAT, acetyl-CoA:benzylalcohol acetyltransferase; BALDH, benzaldehyde dehydrogenase; BSMT, benzoic acid/salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase; SAMT, salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase.