Amplification and expression of JsTPS3, JsAOC1, and JsAOS genes from J. sambac leaves A. The amplified bands of three genes. Coding regions of JsTPS3 (B), JsAOC1 (D), and JsAOS (E) of J. sambac. qRT-PCR confirmation of transgenic J. sambac callus overexpressing JsTPS3 (C), JsAOC1 (F), and JsAOS (G). Empty vector was used as a control. Bars are means ±SD from five biological replicates. **, P < 0.01 relative to control (Student’s t-test). CK, control; SD, standard deviation.