TABLE 1.
Demographic Characteristics on the Index Exacerbation Date
| All patients (N = 6,772) | Prompta (n = 2,968) | Delayedb (n = 1,998) | Very delayedc (n = 1,806) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 63.7 (11.3) | 64.1 (11.1) | 63.8 (11.6) | 62.7 (11.2) | < 0.001 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 4,077 (60.2) | 1,745 (58.8) | 1,207 (60.4) | 1,125 (62.3) | 0.055 |
| Male | 2,695 (39.8) | 1,223 (41.2) | 791 (39.6) | 681 (37.7) | |
| Payer, n (%) | |||||
| Commercial | 2,161 (31.9) | 1,077 (36.3) | 625 (31.3) | 459 (25.4) | < 0.001 |
| Medicare Supplemental | 2,573 (38.0) | 1,191 (40.1) | 753 (37.7) | 629 (34.8) | |
| Medicaid | 2,038 (30.1) | 700 (23.6) | 620 (31.0) | 718 (39.8) | |
| Race and ethnicity—Medicaid patients, n (%) | |||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 11 (0.5) | 5 (0.7) | 4 (0.7) | 2 (0.3) | 0.081 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 15 (0.7) | 4 (0.6) | 7 (1.1) | 4 (0.6) | |
| Black | 543 (26.6) | 190 (27.1) | 161 (26.0) | 192 (26.7) | |
| Hispanic | 14 (0.7) | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.7) | 6 (0.8) | |
| White | 1,146 (56.2) | 382 (54.6) | 351 (56.6) | 413 (57.5) | |
| Other/unknown | 309 (15.2) | 115 (16.4) | 93 (15.1) | 101 (14.1) | |
| US regiond—Commercial/Medicare patients, n (%) | |||||
| Midwest | 247 (5.2) | 134 (5.9) | 72 (5.2) | 41 (3.8) | < 0.001 |
| Northeast | 860 (18.2) | 436 (19.2) | 264 (19.2) | 160 (14.7) | |
| South Atlantic | 139 (2.9) | 62 (2.7) | 38 (2.8) | 39 (3.6) | |
| South Central | 954 (20.2) | 534 (23.5) | 232 (16.8) | 188 (17.3) | |
| West | 1,264 (26.7) | 605 (26.7) | 361 (26.2) | 298 (27.4) | |
| Unknown | 1,270 (26.8) | 497 (21.9) | 411 (29.8) | 362 (33.3) | |
| Urban residence, n (%) | 5,401 (79.8) | 2,415 (81.4) | 1,601 (80.1) | 1,385 (76.7) | 0.002 |
| Insurance plan type, n (%) | |||||
| Comprehensive/indemnity | 2,676 (39.5) | 1,046 (35.2) | 831 (41.6) | 799 (44.2) | < 0.001 |
| EPO/PPO | 2,133 (31.5) | 1,098 (37.0) | 574 (28.7) | 461 (25.5) | |
| HMO | 1,268 (18.7) | 511 (17.2) | 402 (20.1) | 355 (19.7) | |
| Other/unknown | 695 (10.3) | 313 (10.6) | 191 (9.6) | 191 (10.6) | |
| Year of index exacerbation, n (%) | |||||
| 2010-2014 | 4,281 (63.2) | 1,895 (63.8) | 1,195 (59.8) | 1,191 (65.9) | < 0.001 |
| 2015-2019 | 2,491 (36.8) | 1,073 (36.2) | 803 (40.2) | 615 (34.1) | |
a Triple therapy within 30 days after or on the index exacerbation date.
b Triple therapy between 31 and 180 days after index exacerbation.
c Triple therapy between 181 and 365 days after index exacerbation.
d See https://www2.census.gov/geo/pdfs/maps-data/maps/reference/us_regdiv.pdf for states included in each region. EPO=exclusive provider organization;
HMO = health maintenance organization; PPO = preferred provider organization.