TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Propensity Score–Matched Population
| Baseline patient characteristic | Propensity score-matched population | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| iGlarLixi cohort n = 1,357 | Free-combo cohort n = 1,357 | Standardized mean difference | |
| Age group, n (%) | |||
| 18-49 years | 193 (14.2) | 189 (13.9) | 0.0443 |
| 50-64 years | 547 (40.3) | 535 (39.4) | |
| 65-74 years | 425 (31.3) | 452 (33.3) | |
| ≥ 75 years | 192 (14.1) | 181 (13.3) | |
| Age, years | |||
| Mean (SD) | 62.1 (11.4) | 62.2 (11.3) | 0.0058 |
| Median (Q1-Q3) | 63 (17.00) | 63.0 (15.00) | |
| Minimum, maximum | 26, 88 | 24, 90 | |
| Sex, n (%) | |||
| Male | 651 (48.0) | 650 (47.9) | 0.0015 |
| Female | 706 (52.0) | 707 (52.1) | |
| Unknown | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | |
| Race and ethnicity, n (%) | |||
| Asian | 50 (3.7) | 40 (2.9) | 0.0424 |
| African American | 191 (14.1) | 190 (14.0) | |
| Hispanic | 353 (26.0) | 352 (25.9) | |
| White | 564 (41.6) | 571 (42.1) | |
| Other/unknown | 199 (14.7) | 204 (15.0) | |
| Health plan type, n (%) | |||
| Commercial | 705 (52.0) | 683 (50.3) | 0.0324 |
| Medicare | 652 (48.0) | 674 (49.7) | |
| Region, n (%) | |||
| Midwest | 81 (6.0) | 73 (5.4) | 0.0291 |
| Northeast | 70 (5.2) | 72 (5.3) | |
| South | 917 (67.6) | 926 (68.2) | |
| West | 264 (19.5) | 263 (19.4) | |
| Unknown | 25 (1.8) | 23 (1.7) | |
| Common comorbidities and diabetic complications of interest, n (%) | |||
| Hypertension | 1,128 (83.1) | 1,120 (82.5) | 0.0156 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1,126 (83.0) | 1,127 (83.1) | 0.0020 |
| Neuropathy | 398 (29.3) | 383 (28.2) | 0.0244 |
| Nephropathy | 115 (8.5) | 131 (9.7) | 0.0411 |
| Retinopathy | 181 (13.3) | 182 (13.4) | 0.0022 |
| Obesity | 532 (39.2) | 521 (38.4) | 0.0166 |
| Depression | 204 (15.0) | 206 (15.2) | 0.0041 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 286 (21.1) | 283 (20.9) | 0.0054 |
| Hypoglycemia | 53 (3.9) | 44 (3.2) | 0.0357 |
| A1c closest to index treatment initiation, n (%) | |||
| ≥ 8 and < 9 | 405 (29.8) | 425 (31.3) | 0.0329 |
| ≥ 9 and < 11 | 623 (45.9) | 614 (45.2) | |
| ≥ 11 | 329 (24.2) | 318 (23.4) | |
| A1c closest to index treatment initiation | |||
| Mean (SD) | 10.0 (1.5) | 9.9 (1.5) | 0.0319 |
| Median (Q1-Q3) | 9.6 (2.10) | 9.6 (2.10) | |
| Minimum, maximum | 8, 15 | 8, 15 | |
| SH event rate per 100 person-years during baseline period | 2.2 | 2.5 | |
| SH incidence during baseline period, n (%) | 13 (1.0) | 15 (1.1) | 0.0146 |
| Number of OADs in baseline period, n (%) | |||
| 0 | 134 (9.9) | 139 (10.2) | 0.0273 |
| 1 | 536 (39.5) | 538 (39.6) | |
| 2 | 453 (33.4) | 459 (33.8) | |
| ≥ 3 | 234 (17.2) | 221 (16.3) | |
| Use of OADs medications in baseline period, n (%) | |||
| Metformin | 818 (60.3) | 826 (60.9) | 0.0121 |
| Sulfonylureas | 489 (36.0) | 482 (35.5) | 0.0108 |
| DPP-4i | 280 (20.6) | 283 (20.9) | 0.0055 |
| SGLT-2 inhibitors | 337 (24.8) | 339 (25.0) | 0.0034 |
| Thiazolidinediones | 149 (11.0) | 142 (10.5) | 0.0167 |
| α-glucosidase inhibitors | 9 (0.7) | 9 (0.7) | 0.0000 |
| Meglitinides | 21 (1.5) | 18 (1.3) | 0.0186 |
| SGLT-2 combo | 6 (0.4) | 2 (0.1) | 0.0544 |
| Biguanides combination | 93 (6.9) | 81 (6.0) | 0.0361 |
| Health care utilization, n (%) | |||
| ≥ 1 office visit | 1,274 (93.9) | 1,267 (93.4) | 0.0211 |
| ≥ 1 office visit with a diabetologist or endocrinologist | 320 (23.6) | 322 (23.7) | 0.0035 |
| ≥ 1 hospitalization | 78 (5.7) | 79 (5.8) | 0.0032 |
| ≥ 1 ED visit | 231 (17.0) | 237 (17.5) | 0.0117 |
DPP-4i = dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor; ED = emergency department; A1c = glycated hemoglobin A1c; iGlarLixi = insulin glargine 100 U/mL and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide; OAD = oral antidiabetic drug; SH = severe hypoglycemia; SGLT-2 = sodium-glucose cotransporter-2.